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Tag: "sugar" at biology news

Molecular 'marker' on stem cells aids research, perhaps therapies

A sugar molecule present on embryonic stem cells also has ...rlingeiro, who led the research. Exploiting the sugar molecule as a biological marker will boost researchers?ability to obtain a purer, more homogeneous p...

Uncovering DNA's 'sweet' secret

...icial analog of DNA in which the usual five-carbon sugar has been replaced with a six-carbon sugar. By ex...g system in homo-DNA. Therefore, the nature of the sugar in the backbone affects the pairing rules." But despite homo-DNA's apparent versatility in base pa...

One-of-a-kind imaging probe reveals secrets useful for drug discovery

...ey found a high concentration of glucose, a simple sugar and vital cellular fuel. "Glucose is an expensive molecule to spray at your predators," Edison said. "But why is the glucose there? It may be something the walking stick uses to enable it to safely store the toxic material in the insect's gland unti...

U of M researchers invent 'flashy' new process to turn soy oil, glucose into hydrogen

...able oil or sweet syrup knows that neither oil nor sugar evaporates--oil smokes and turns brown, sugar turns black, and both leave a nasty film of carbon on the cookware. Now, a University of Minnesota t...

Faster, low cost sequencing technologies needed to drive era of personalized medicine

...ading DNA through a molecular ring, in this case a sugar called cyclodextrin, that can read the DNA sequence by measuring the differences in friction as the molecule is pulled through the ring....

Major link in brain-obesity puzzle found

... in the flurry of signals that govern fat storage, sugar use, energy balance and weight, University of Michigan Medical School researchers report. And although it’s far too early to say how this protein could be useful in new strategies to fight the world’s epidemic of obesity, the finding gives scientis...

Growth hormone to boost athletic performance risks diabetes

...g it after a couple of episodes of acute low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) while at the gym. Tests reveale...e taking high doses to regularly check their blood sugar levels....

Meeting the ethanol challenge: Scientists use supercomputer to target cellulose bottleneck

...lar conveyor belt where it is chopped into smaller sugar pieces. "By learning how the cellulase enzyme ...ess of digesting or "unzipping" the cellulose into sugar molecules. To the scientists, the simulation is like a stop-motion film of a baseball pitcher th...

Key found to kill cystic fibrosis superbug

...hypothesize that preventing the synthesis of a key sugar required for this armour, 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (Ara4N), may lead to a susceptibility within the cell membrane to antibiotics. "We are very excited with these findings, as they will let us come up with novel molecules to disrupt the making ...

Like salty food? Chances are you had low blood sodium when you were born

... their preferred concentration of salt in soup and sugar in tea, followed by orally administered spray tests involving table salt and table sugar. Between the tests the children and escorting parent(s) were interviewed about dietary and seasoning preferences. The children were then invited to eat freely fr...

Cellulosic ethanol: Fuel of the future?

...erial will result in a higher yield of fermentable sugar per unit of land, Somerville said. The ideal plant for producing cellulosic ethanol, he added, is Miscanthus, a perennial grass native to subtropical and tropical regions of Africa and southern Asia, which is used as an ornamental plant in the Uni...

Custom-made cancer cell attacks

...erial will result in a higher yield of fermentable sugar per unit of land, Somerville said. The ideal plant for producing cellulosic ethanol, he added, is Miscanthus, a perennial grass native to subtropical and tropical regions of Africa and southern Asia, which is used as an ornamental plant in the Uni...

Xylitol reduces risk of cavities

The sugar substitute xylitol affects the bacterial compositi...University in Sweden on February 23. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is produced by reduction of the sugar xylose, or wood sugar. Xylitol occurs naturally ...

Scientists unveil piece of HIV protein that may be key to AIDS vaccine development

...thed by sugary molecules. This nearly impenetrable sugar cloak prevents antibodies from slipping in and blocking the proteins the virus uses to latch onto a cell and infect it. In 1998, Dr. Kwong and colleagues published the first X-ray snapshot of the core of HIV gp120 as it attaches to a cellular r...

New study sheds light on 'dark states' in DNA

...ending on which DNA base is excited, and whether a sugar molecule is attached to the base or not. Next, Kohler's lab is investigating whether the dark state can be linked to DNA damage. "What are the photochemical consequences of long-lived states? Are they precursors to some of the chemical photoprodu...

Antibody therapy prevents type 1 diabetes in mice

...e pancreas, causing chronically elevated levels of sugar in the blood, leading to blindness, kidney failure, heart disease and nerve damage. Previously known as juvenile diabetes, type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed at a very early age, but in some cases it can be diagnosed in adulthood. In this study, ...

Anxiety disorders surprisingly common yet often untreated

.... We can objectively measure blood pressure, blood sugar or cholesterol, but symptoms of anxiety can be missed in a busy primary care practice. The seven-question GAD-7 and remarkably even the two-question "ultra brief" version gives the physician a tool to quantify the patient’s symptoms ?sort of a lab te...

Hybrid molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

By joining a sugar to a short-chain fatty acid compound, Johns Hopkin...journal article. "But we found that when the right sugar is matched with the right chemical partner, it can deliver a powerful double-whammy against cancer c...

Bacterial walls come tumbling down

...s group has two main parts: One end assembles long sugar fibers; the other end stitches them together with ...biochemical pathway that initiates assembly of the sugar coating. The second step is targeted by penicillin and has been well studied. Although scientists...

Blood sugar's manufacture limited by building blocks' supply

...tion factors, become severely lacking in the blood sugar glucose—a primary energy source for the body and t... and see how increasing KLF15 levels affects blood sugar production. Meanwhile, Jain plans to further examine the transcription factor's function in other pa...

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