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Tag: "sugar" at biology news

Plants have a double line of defence

...try site by the attached PEN2 protein. One or more sugar molecules can be separated from another cell component through the enzyme activities of the PEN2 enzyme, a glycosyl hydrolase. The substance released by it appears to have a fungicidal effect, which kills the pathogen. The researchers, on the other ...

Researchers quantify more noise in gene expression

...linked to a gene involved in the metabolism of the sugar galactose. The galactose gene and 10 others were chosen because they are expressed in yeast cells in high copy numbers, a feature that makes intrinsic noise in their expression statistically insignificant. By making cell-to-cell comparisons of the ac...

Team led by Carnegie Mellon University scientist finds first evidence of a living memory trace

...hat honeybees exposed to an odor and rewarded with sugar could develop a memory of that odor and temporarily store it as "working memory." They also found that honeybees lost their working memory of a re-enforced odor if they were cooled down and then revived, suggesting that the memory wasn't permanently ...

Primates harvest bee nests in Ugandan reserve

...f honey as one of the most concentrated sources of sugar and protein in the forest, and the fact that the park management plan allows collection of non-timber forest products, there is an abysmal lack of ecological information about the role of honey-making bees and the role of their natural predators in t...

Plants give pests sock in the gut

...lity of the matrix using blue dextran, a fermented sugar solution commonly used as a molecular size marker. Results showed that Mir1-CP created holes in the matrix. To replicate the test in vivo, the researchers fed caterpillars with plants susceptible to the insects and those resistant to them. Results ...

Great (taste) expectations: Study shows brain anticipates taste, shifts gears

...n, for example, in the placebo effect, when simple sugar pills or inert salves taken by unwitting subjects ...d 43 undergraduate subjects to potions of quinine, sugar water or distilled water while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The subjects, Nitschke ...

Tastier tomatoes in the future?

...ly look into a fruit's amino acids, organic acids, sugar and vitamins. Dr. Alisdair Fernie, head of the Institute's "Central Metabolism" research group, discovered that there were 880 variations in the content composition of descendants produced by crossing cultured tomatoes and wild tomatoes. "On one han...

Invasive species harms native hardwoods by killing soil fungus

...story of garlic mustard invasion. Three species -- sugar maple, red maple, and white ash -- had significantly less AMF root colonization and grew only about one-tenth as fast in the infested soil. Seedlings grown in sterilized, AMF-free soil taken from invaded and pest-free locations showed similar reducti...

GlycoFi announces the first production of antibodies with human glycosylation in yeast

...rst production of monoclonal antibodies with human sugar structures in yeast. This research, published on...echnology, demonstrates that antibodies with human sugar structures (glycosylation) can be produced in glyco-engineered yeast cell lines, and that by control...

Darkness unveils vital metabolic fuel switch between sugar and fat

... glucose first to fuel their efforts, and as blood sugar is consumed, their bodies switch to burning fat. "How does the body know when to switch? 5'-AMP is the signal. I believe it's the same metabolic system, whether we are talking about hibernation or not," said senior author Cheng Chi Lee, Ph.D., pr...

Potential vaccine developed for deadly leishmaniasis disease

... Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that include sugar and are made from units linked together like beads on a chain. "This is the first and only carbohydrate vaccine candidate against this disease," Seeberger stated. "This candidate vaccine brings something new to the table and may be of use not only i...

How taste response is hard-wired into the brain

...tor on taste neurons was essential for response to sugar and that the Gr66a receptor was essential for response to bitter tastes. However, those studies left open the question of whether those different neurons selectively detected the different tastes and whether they generated taste behaviors. To direct...

Lactic acid not athlete's poison, but an energy source - if you know how to use it

... the carbohydrates stored in muscle tissue and the sugar in blood. Efficient use of lactic acid, or lactate, not only prevents lactate build-up, but ekes out more energy from the body's fuel. In a paper in press for the American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, published online in Jan...

Formation of cellulose fibers tracked for the first time

...ts. Because the fibers can be broken down into the sugar glucose, which can then be converted into ethanol and other biofuels, there are huge incentives to learn more about how plants produce and modify the molecule. Cellulose is also the main constituent of cotton, paper, wood, and animal feeds such as ha...

Scientists seek to unwrap the sweet mystery of the sugar coat on bacteria

...eveloped a quick and simple way to investigate the sugar coating that surrounds bacteria and plays a role i...ture Chemical Biology. The scientists studied the sugar coats of four strains of bacteria: two lab strains of E. coli, one pathogenic strain of E. coli that...

U-M researchers take new approach to defeating Gram-negative bugs

... genetically modify the cells to eliminate the key sugar to which the hair anchors on the outside of the cell. "Unfortunately, the bug didn't die," Woodard said. The researchers found that a "backup" gene from a different pathway also could form the anchor, so they knocked out that gene, as well. Initial...

Berkeley researchers lay groundwork for cell version of DNA chip

...ion." Bertozzi's Staudinger ligation utilizes the sugar complexes called "oligosaccharides" that reside on the surface of every cell, and a reaction between two types of molecules, a nitrogen-containing azide, and a phosphorous-containing phosphine, as a means of attaching probes and reagents to cell surf...

Hopkins researchers discover genetic switch that turns off an oxygen-poor cell's combustion engine

...ell's energy demands are met by two major types of sugar ( glucose) using machines similar to the two types of engines in a hybrid car. One machine, the mitochondrion, is an organelle that breaks down the glucose-using oxygen and produces ATP. The other does the same thing - albeit less efficiently - wit...

Weighting cancer drugs to make them hit tumors harder

...ied was dextran, essentially a chainlike string of sugar molecules. By measuring a range of dextran molecular weights in a three-dimensional model and over 30 minutes instead of a single time point, they determined the optimal weight for tumor permeability, penetration and accumulation. "No one has previ...

Traditional Chinese medicine for diabetes has scientific backing

... tissue to insulin ?this in turn helps lower blood sugar levels. In addition, it seems berberine can help reduce body weight". Current medicines for treating type 2 diabetes include metformin and the TZD group of drugs. However, alarge number of patients cannot tolerate metformin and the TZDs can cause u...

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