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Tag: "sugar" at biology news

Single-donor Islet Transplantation Procedure Shows Promise For Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

...islet (cells that produce insulin to control blood sugar levels) transplants has recently been increased markedly by transplanting a higher number of islets prepared from 2 to 4 donor pancreases. However, for islet transplants to become a widespread clinical reality, additional advances are still needed. I...

Malaria mechanism revealed

...he atomic structure of RII crystallized along with sugar molecules called glycans. Previous work by a co-author of the study, Kim Lee Sim of Protein Potential LLC, established that glycans displayed on the glycophorin A receptor are required for RII binding and for the invasion of red blood cells by the ma...

The making and breaking of microtubules

...ng of a base (a letter in the genetic code) plus a sugar and three phosphate groups. But these molecules also regulate enzyme activity and play a crucial role in controlling microtubule growth. When GTP binds to a particular locus on beta tubulin (the E-site or exchangeable site) polymerization occurs: tu...

Fat's fate depends on its source

...mpletely lacking fat, the mice developed low blood sugar and fatty liver. Both conditions were reversed when the researchers restored fat to the animals' diets. "It is quite paradoxical," Semenkovich said. "When we inactivated fatty-acid synthase in the liver and eliminated fat in the diet, the animals be...

First production of human monoclonal antibodies in chicken eggs published in Nature Biotechnology

... same time, chicken-produced antibodies lacked the sugar residue, fucose, which greatly increases their cell-killing activity compared to CHO-produced antibodies." To create the antibody-producing chickens, the researchers first inserted into chicken embryonic stem cells the genes encoding the antibody an...

Scripps research scientists solve structure of a critical innate immune system protein

.... Much of the TLR3 protein surface is covered with sugar molecules, but on one face that includes the interface between these two horseshoes, there is a large surface that is sugar-free, suggesting that this is where the TLR3 might bind to its target molecule. This surface also contains two distinct patche...

Bees, Brains and Addiction

...rtain color after they are rewarded just once with sugar water for landing on that color. A single nerve ce...he information coming from the senses predicts the sugar reward and signaling to the muscles to take the appropriate action to receive the reward. Computer ...

Attacks of King George III's madness linked to key metabolism molecule

... drugs, and is successfully treated by feedings of sugar and high-carbohydrate food. A biological explanation for these nutritional effects has been lacking. The Dana-Farber scientists say in a report featured on the cover of the August 26 issue of Cell that the nutritional component of porphyria involves...

Gene expands malaria's invasion options

...ia protein receptors on the surface that contain a sugar known as sialic acid. If scientists treat blood ce...ndependent parasites than in those that needed the sugar for cell entry. These results suggested that activation of the PfRh4 gene was required for the ...

Insulin pulses keep the liver lean

...nd to insulin in people with diabetes causes blood sugar levels to rise. The current study uncovered a new...and visceral weight gain. Resulting hikes in blood sugar and fat can also spell diabetes and heart disease, Najjar added. "When we eat, the pancreas produce...

HIV Therapy Greatly Extends Life of Key T Cells, Scientists Find

...iments, investigators infused 32 volunteers with a sugar solution containing a harmless chemical label, deuterium (a non-radioactive, stable isotope), for five days. Nine volunteers were HIV-positive but had never received IL-2; 15 volunteers were HIV-positive and had received between three and 28 courses ...

A slight difference and significant similarities

...lin, with five conventional varieties. Inulin is a sugar in the class of fructans, i.e. polysaccharides, composed of fructose (fruit sugar). The normal starch is made of glucose. Nutritionally, fructans are classed as fiber and have a beneficial effect on human intestinal flora. The main results of the st...

Sugar helps control cell division

...ientists have discovered that a deceptively simple sugar is in fact a critical regulator of cells' natural ...g their destruction. The comings and goings of the sugar on proteins seem to be important controllers of cell division, say the researchers. "The dogma for ...

Life-extending protein keeps blood sugar in check

...ds lifespan in yeast, worms, and flies keeps blood sugar under control in mice, reports a new study in the ...e to glucose. Glucose is the principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body. "Mice with an increased amount of Sirt1 show ...

Sea Ice May Be on Increase in the Antarctic

...ds lifespan in yeast, worms, and flies keeps blood sugar under control in mice, reports a new study in the ...e to glucose. Glucose is the principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body. "Mice with an increased amount of Sirt1 show ...

Cells direct membrane traffic by channel width

...hers in the same lab in 2002), the slightly larger sugar molecule is out of luck. The point of entry, known...r channel both glycerol, as well as longer, linear sugar molecules, and water can permeate the channel." While channel sizes had appeared slightly different...

Lactose intolerance linked to ancestral environment

...after eating or drinking foods containing the milk sugar lactose. The use of lactase enzyme tablets or drops or lactose-reduced milk and similar products can help the lactose intolerant digest dairy products. Sherman's study concludes that adults from Europe can drink milk because their ancestors lived wh...

UW-Madison scientists zero in on drugs' sweet spots

... upon which many leading drugs are built. The ways sugar groups are organized on a molecule often dictate t...romises to help scientists specify the role of the sugar and make new drugs or enhance old ones to greater precision and effect. The series of experiments pe...

New molecule may aid in production of biofuels and fungi-resistant plants

...challenge. In order to break the bonds between the sugar units, they must gain access to the bonds by somehow disrupting the packing of the sugar chains in the chitin molecule. How exactly chitinases overcome these challenges has been unclear unt...

Give thanks for the cranberry, say dental researchers

...rocery store to prevent tooth decay, Koo said. The sugar that is usually added to cranberry juice can cause cavities, and the natural acidity of the substance may contribute directly to tooth decay. Instead of advocating mass consumption of cranberry juice, Koo hopes to isolate the compounds within the ju...

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