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Tag: "substance" at biology news

DNA gene vaccine protects against harmful protein of Alzheimer's disease

...human trial, the protein was injected along with a substance called an adjuvant, which increased the immune response to abnormal excessive levels, causing the dangerous brain inflammation. In addition, the immune response in humans may have involved antibodies called Th1, which were probably partly responsible...

Federal grant funds research on novel HIV therapy

...than a decade of investigation by Dr. Douglas into substance P, a neurotransmitter long known to be active in t...agues discovered in 1997 that immune cells produce substance P and its receptor, neurokinin-1, and later showed that incubation with substance P raised HIV level...

Compound from marine bacteria shows potential as multiple myeloma therapy

...fied in sediment samples from the ocean floor. The substance has shown strong anticancer properties in laboratory tests. Nereus Pharmaceuticals holds an exclusive license to the compound for drug development. Experiments with NPI-0052 began at Dana-Farber in 2003, said Dharminder Chauhan, PhD, lead author ...

Blocking the nerve receptor EP1 in mouse models reduces brain damage caused by stroke

...-2) to make prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a hormonelike substance long linked to inflammation and other effects. The Hopkins study results suggest that PGE2 causes brain damage following stroke by binding to the EP1 receptor on nerve cells. Therefore, blocking PGE2 activity directly rather than inhibiting COX-2 cou...

Plants have a double line of defence

...ties of the PEN2 enzyme, a glycosyl hydrolase. The substance released by it appears to have a fungicidal effect, which kills the pathogen. The researchers, on the other hand, observed that when PEN2 is missing, the plants become more susceptible not only to grass powdery mildew fungi but also other pests ?for...

Russian 'surrogate' alcohols are a killer

...consistent with historical lessons which show that substance abuse is often widespread during periods of rapid transition, such as the industrial revolution." Shkolnikov concurs. "When thinking about the Russian health crisis, one should not overlook certain societal forces operating in the post-Soviet era,"...

War on terror meets war on cancer

...pe ratio mass spectrometry," can determine where a substance was produced by "weighing" various forms or isotopes of an element in the substance ?such as the ratio of rare oxygen-18 to common oxygen-16. Additional uses of the method may result...

Give thanks for the cranberry, say dental researchers

...can cause cavities, and the natural acidity of the substance may contribute directly to tooth decay. Instead of advocating mass consumption of cranberry juice, Koo hopes to isolate the compounds within the juice that pack an anti-cavity punch. The substances could then be added to toothpaste or mouth rinse di...

Anti-cancer Compound In Beer Gaining Interest

...lly first discovered in 1913, isolated as a yellow substance found in hops. Researchers started studying its molecular structure in the 1950s, but for decades the only people who showed any real interest in it were brewers, who were trying to learn more about how hops help impart flavor to beer. In the 1990s,...

New discovery: If it weren't for this enzyme, decomposing pesticide would take millennia

...n of an enzyme that evolved to act on some natural substance yet to be identified." Horvat carried out the work in Wolfenden's laboratory by analyzing what happened to the pesticide's residue at various temperatures and then extrapolating the results to room temperature to see how long the pesticide would las...

Hope for Alzheimer's blossoms

A substance found in the Welsh national flower, which could offer hope for sufferers of Alzheimer's disease, is being supported for large scale manufacture by Cardiff University's Manufacturing Engineering Centre (MEC). Alzheimer's disease is the most common fo...

Scientists closer to new cancer detection method

...orresponding and readily binding to a sought-after substance such as cancer protein. In this case, the target was platelet derived growth factor, or PDGF, a protein that regulates cell growth and division. Elevated PDGF levels have been linked to different forms of cancer, and have been found in patients wit...

Long-sought flower-inducing molecule found

...s one could show that the induced leaves produce a substance that is transported to the shoot tips where it ind... 30-ies a Russian scientist called this mysterious substance "Florigen". During the following 70 years scientists have been involved in an intense hunt trying to...

NYU chemists use computer simulation to enhance understanding of DNA transcription

...earch has indicated that chromatin--a chromosome's substance consisting of histone proteins and DNA--exhibits salt-dependent conformations. Specifically, chains of nucleosomes, the building blocks of chromatin that appear as bead-like structures along DNA, fold into a condensed fiber as salt increases. This fo...

Researchers find how some antibiotics kill bacteria

...models of each antibiotic, approximating what each substance looked like on the atomic level and exactly how each bound to and affected a key component of bacteria called RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase is the machinery that keeps bacteria going ?a bacterium cannot carry out gene expression without it. Cut off...

Researchers find molecule that inhibits regrowth of spinal nerve cells

...he researchers found that a component of myelin ?a substance that normally insulates and stabilizes long nerve fibers in adult vertebrates ?chemically blocks the ability of nerve cells to grow through myelin that is released when the spinal cord is damaged. While other myelin components also block nerve growth...

UF researchers kill resistant bugs one bandage at a time

... the researchers' method of chemically bonding the substance to fabrics and other materials. This method allows the substance to be efficiently mass produced and permanently adhered to wound dressings or ready-to-wear clothing...

A slight difference and significant similarities

...new, unwanted substances. However, a comprehensive substance comparison between individual plant varieties is costly, as hundreds of substances have to be measured simultaneously. Former Max Planck research group head Oliver Fiehn, who has been working at the University of California in Davis since the beginni...

Bitter or sweet? The same taste bud can tell the difference

...te signals to the brain, depending on what kind of substance is on the tongue. Given the current findings, Herness thinks that CCK tells the brain that something bitter is on the tongue, while NPY sends a message that something sweet is being eaten. "We were surprised to see that NPY had the exact opposite ac...

Researchers devise new technique for creating human stem cells

...nic stem cells in the presence of a detergent-like substance that caused the two cell types to fuse. The researchers demonstrated that they had achieved fusion of the two cell types by searching the fused cells for two distinctive genetic markers present in the somatic fibroblast and stem cells. The researcher...

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