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Tag: "substance" at biology news

Vaccine shown effective against chancroid

...to purify large amounts of the hemoglobin receptor substance and testing it with an adjuvant approved for human use. ...

Study identifies substances in grapefruit juice that interact dangerously with some drugs

... at Chapel Hill has identified and established the substance in grapefruit juice that causes potentially dangerous interactions with certain medications. For almost a decade, people have been told by their doctors and pharmacists to avoid grapefruit juice if they are being treated with certain medications, in...

Dopamine drug leads to new neurons and recovery of function in rat model of Parkinson's

...hich marks proliferating cells, and infusions of a substance that fluorescently "traces" how neurons connect. The animals were tested before and 3 days after receiving the treatment to see how well they could walk and reach to retrieve food pellets with their paws. A subset of the rats was tested again 2 and...

Hopkins scientists show hallucinogen in mushrooms creates universal 'mystical' experience

...aving both monitors and subjects "blinded" to what substance would be given. For ethical reasons, subjects were told about hallucinogens' possible effects, butalso learned they could, instead, get other substances-weak or strong-that might change perception or consciousness. Most important, a third "red herrin...

Dissecting the machinery of nicotine's reward

...ivated by either a natural chemical or an external substance such as nicotine. Researchers studying the structure of nAChRs had found that they comprise many components called subunits that influence the receptors' function. In particular, two subunits called ß2 and a7 had been implicated as important in nAChR...

New roles for growth factors: Enticing nerve cells to muscles

... cells. But when attempts to identify the enticing substance failed, many started to doubt its existence. After screening numerous candidates, the Pfaff team found not only that FGF is expressed in target muscle, but that FGF "sensors," known as FGF receptors, are expressed in MMCm motor neurons. Furthermore...

Finding paves way for better treatment of autoimmune disease

...fact, they already are searching for an endogenous substance that interferes with phospholipase D. "Ultimatel... Dr. Iwashima says. He theorizes that this natural substance helps destroy non-regulatory T cells when the body gets too many, say after fighting a big infection...

Failure of 'scout cells' may lead to cancer in transplant patients

...team believe this happens because an immune-system substance causes changes in the scout cells, inhibiting thei...ility to warn memory T cells about the virus. That substance is called transforming growth factor-beta (TGFb). The researchers discovered this by exposing hea...

Even when faint, ovary scent draws sperm cells

...determine whether sperm were attracted to the test substance or the swim velocity was reduced close to the test...nce," Jacobson said. "In the latter case, the test substance may have had a negative influence on the sperm, resulting in suppression of their movement." Novot...

T cells activated to fight HIV basis for dendritic cell therapeutic vaccine

... that IL-12 could be increased when CD40 ligand, a substance that binds to certain immune cells, and interferon gamma were added to dendritic cells. In the study, white blood cells called monocytes were obtained from both HIV patients and individuals not infected with the virus. In the laboratory, the rese...

Nicotine exposure during development leads to hearing problems

...s nicotine as the culprit, but also shows what the substance does to the brain to cause these deficits. In a...to occur when humans or animals are exposed to the substance during development. The study appears this week in the early online issue of the European Journal of...

Neurons grown from embryonic stem cells restore function in paralyzed rats

...edium. Most of the cells were also cultured with a substance called dibutyrl cAMP (dbcAMP) that helps to overcome axon-inhibiting signals from myelin, the substance that insulates nerve fibers in the spinal cord. The cells were transplanted into eight groups of ...

Research reveals control of potent immune regulator

...ooked at transforming growth factor beta (TGFb), a substance also made by NK cells that lowers IFNg production. The research, by investigators with the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center ?Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, found that the pro-inflammatory ...

Bones hold the key to blood renewal

... cells as well. Injecting the osteoclast-promoting substance into the mice, on the other hand, resulted in an increase mainly in stem cell release. These findings add a new dimension to our understanding of the processes of renewal and breakdown in the body, and the relationship between blood-forming stem cell...

Super-sized cassava plants may help fight hunger in Africa

...eaves of poorly processed cassava plants contain a substance that triggers the production of cyanide. In previous work, Sayre helped create cassava that produced little to no cyanide once it is harvested. He is also the principal investigator of an ongoing project focused on improving the nutritional content...

New HIV study identifies high-risk subgroups of adolescents

...sks like unprotected sex, mental health crises and substance abuse exist at the same time, and also vary by gen...ighest amount of unsafe sex reported only moderate substance abuse and low numbers of mental health issues, whereas the group of girls who reported only moderate...

Radioactive scorpion venom for fighting cancer

...on of the venom protein, attached to a radioactive substance called iodine-131 (I-131). When it enters the bloodstream, the compound attaches to the glioma cells, then the I-131 releases radiation that kills the cell. This compound has enabled an experimental treatment for high-grade gliomas, found in 17,0...

UC San Diego biologists solve plant growth hormone enigma

... Darwin, who first reported that plants produced a substance that made them bend toward light," said Yunde Zhao, an assistant professor of biology at UCSD. "But until now, the auxin genes have been elusive. Our discovery of these genes and the locations where auxin is produced in the plant can be applied to ...

Predicting successful outcomes in living-donor liver transplants

...tigraphy (an imaging technique using a radioactive substance that is swallowed) performed on 18 patients. The ICG test however, had certain benefits. "This novel noninvasive method has advantages in its simplicity, its real-time presentation of results without consuming a lot of time, and its cost-effectivenes...

Proteins stop blood-vessel and tumor growth in mice

... promotes blood-vessel growth and either a control substance or fibulin 3 or fibulin 5. After seven days, researchers found that the Matrigel plugs containing either fibulin had about half as many blood vessels as did the control plugs. The researchers then injected fibrosarcoma tumor cells into mice. The tum...

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