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Tag: "structures" at biology news

Researchers reveal secret of key protein in brain and heart function

...rstand the problem," Mierke said. "Solving protein structures opens doors for effective treatments." SAP97 is found mainly in the central nervous system and is known as a "scaffolding" protein. In this role, it serves as a sort of tether, grabbing proteins inside the cell critical to nerve signaling and keepin...

Vitamin A's paradoxical role in influencing symmetry during embryonic development revealed

...n axes: the head to toe, which arranges organs and structures (front, eyes, nose, mouth, jaw, neck, shoulders, e...s (which give rise to the vertebrae and other body structures that are symmetrical) were unevenly distributed on the right and left axis. Normally, equal numbers ...

Massey Cancer Center researcher helps to identify a piece of the cancer puzzle

...a peer-reviewed scientific journal. "By examining structures of proteins and learning how they interact with each other, we can better explore how to turn off the signals that promote cancer growth," said William A. Barton, Ph.D., a VCU alumnus who recently returned to Richmond to continue his research. "Once...

Scientists discover global pattern of big fish diversity in open oceans

...puzzle are still out there, including the physical structures upon which the big fish congregate. There are still a few remaining in formerly productive areas. If we allow these predators some reprieve, we could rebuild some of the lost biodiversity. "Our paper suggests there is a solution ?while some hotspots...

The making and breaking of microtubules

...at molecular level the forms taken by transitional structures of tubulin (the protein from which microtubules ar...ssembly of microtubules. Details of these peculiar structures show how the binding to tubulin of the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate, GTP, controls activity at ...

Mapping neuron connections in the brain

...structions of neuron arbors, tremendously branched structures formed by neurons. Part of the difficulty in mapping lies in the complex structure of arbors. Amirikian has improved on past methods by developing a theoretical framework requiring only two-dimensional drawings of arbors. Such drawings are already a...

UCR chemist part of team identifying new areas of gene regulation

...e genetic expression and form the major supporting structures housing the cell's DNA. Histones interacting with each other form a 'spool' around which DNA is wrapped in the cell. Grunstein, one of the scientists in the current team, discovered in 1991 that sites of histone acetylation, a modification of the pro...

Big differences in duplicated DNA distinguish chimp and human genomes

... through which genetic information is changed into structures and functions in a living cell. In addition to other differences, researchers found that among shared segmental duplications, humans often had fewer copies of those segments than chimps. The most dramatic example involved a piece of DNA near the s...

One hit of crystal meth causes birth defects

...e through the later fetal period, times when organ structures and mental functions develop. "People usually think the last trimester of pregnancy is when developing brain function is most susceptible to damage, but in this case the brain is also affected by methamphetamine even in the earlier embryonic period,...

Deep thinking: Scientists sequence a cold-loving marine microbe

...C. psychrerythraea protein sequences onto known 3D structures from similar proteins among the diverse bacteria. Like matching up blueprints, this strategy allowed the team to spot any striking distinctions in C. psychrerythraea's amino acid composition, highlighting differences unique to the cold-loving organis...

Self-assembled DNA buckyballs for drug delivery

...ize -- linking many molecules together into larger structures -- scientists have been using it as a nanoscale bu...and environmental engineering in whose lab the DNA structures were made, suggests that drugs could be encapsulated in buckyballs to be carried into cells, where n...

Researchers Discover That Microbes Can Produce Miniature Electrical Wires

...ong as they are wide. “Such long, thin conductive structures are unprecedented in biology,?said Lovley. “This c...e remarkable and unexpected discovery of microbial structures comprising microbial nanowires that may enable a microbial community in a contaminated waste site to...

Major advance made on DNA structure

...crystallography to determine the three-dimensional structures of nearly all the possible sequences of a macromol...ession," DNA mutation and repair, and why some DNA structures are inherently prone to damage and mutation. Understanding DNA structure, the scientists say, is jus...

New complete muscle grown in the lab

... by vessel cells and the percentage of vessel-like structures in the tissue doubled within two weeks. The endothelial cells and the vessel networks that they provide may also be useful in coaxing the muscle cells to differentiate and organize themselves in a mature, three-dimensional tissue, the researchers su...

Study shows how retinoic acid enters a cell's nucleus

... NLS enter a cell's nucleus. By comparing the 3-D structures of the CRABP-II protein before and after it comes ... proteins, which allows researchers to compare 3-D structures of seemingly unrelated proteins. "Advances in structural genomics will allow you to predict what the...

Scientists discover stem cell origin of neck and shoulders

...ould look at the skeleton and assume that the bone structures are uniform and are the basic components of vertebrate organisation. Our research suggests this is wrong and actually groups of stem cells create not only the muscles of the neck and shoulder but also the skeletal structure where these muscles are at...

Micro-molecule plays big role in birth defects

...ypass the problem of early mortality and study the structures as they develop. It's a new tool for the genetic researcher's toolbox." No more than five years ago, microRNAs were considered to be little more than light seasoning in the genetic soup, distant and unnecessary cousins to the main ingredients, DNA, ...

Carnegie Mellon University research reveals how cells process large genes

...sive splicing also will help investigators predict structures of genes that span large intervals of DNA, Lopez s...generation of long RNA transcripts that could form structures that interfere with correct processing into mRNA. Another is that recursive splicing might help stim...

Reversal of role for a viral protein associated with the development of lymphoma

...sive splicing also will help investigators predict structures of genes that span large intervals of DNA, Lopez s...generation of long RNA transcripts that could form structures that interfere with correct processing into mRNA. Another is that recursive splicing might help stim...

Fundamental discovery -- Bone fracture

...f self-healing glue holding biological mineralized structures together when studying the abalone shell six years ago. "It's truly remarkable to find the same fundamental mechanisms operating in bone," said Morse. He noted that these mechanisms give young healthy bone its tremendous resiliency and resistance to...

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