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Tag: "structures" at biology news

Insects that produce males from unfertilized eggs reveal a surprising cellular feat

...m scratch. The process involves enigmatic cellular structures called accessory nuclei, the function of which has...id. "You would think we'd have identified all the structures in the cell by now, but 90 percent of the material in cell biology textbooks comes from research on ...

Researchers now able to look deep into heart to view triggers of a heart's beat

...m scratch. The process involves enigmatic cellular structures called accessory nuclei, the function of which has...id. "You would think we'd have identified all the structures in the cell by now, but 90 percent of the material in cell biology textbooks comes from research on ...

Research details how a virus hijacks cell signals to cause infection

...s kinases, enzymes that are instrumental in moving structures within cells. "These particular kinases were previously known to be active in cancers, where their signaling functions go out of control," he added. "However, kinases have a normal function, in enabling cells to respond to hormones or growth factor...

New mechanism for essential genome-wide gene silencing identified

...mall proteins around which DNA is coiled to create structures called nucleosomes. Compact strings of nucleosomes, then, form into chromatin, the substructure of chromosomes. In the study, conducted in a type of yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the scientists showed that a protein called SUMO binds to hi...

Lizard 'third eye' sheds light on evolution of color vision

...light-sensing third eye. Yau hopes to pursue these structures to obtain more clues about how our photoreceptor cells, the rods and cones, came about. As he says, he's most curious about how the same function can be achieved in different ways in different animals. ...

High-resolution light microscope reveals the fundamental mechanisms of nerve communication

...escribed by Ernst Abbe in 1873. Abbe observed that structures which were closer to each other than ~200nm could ...the high resolution required to separate nanoscale structures was lacking due to the diffraction barrier. In recent years researchers in the department of NanoBi...

A new way of looking at molecular motors

...dyneins use microtubules, which are hollow protein structures inside the cell, as their track. Movement is created several ways. Biological cargo is transported within cells by single motors that run backward and forward, the way a person moves hand over hand along a rope. Making muscles contract involves a l...

Research could lead to better drugs and whiter whites

...Life Sciences. "Modern drugs are designed to have structures that stick to enzymes and prevent them from catalysing the reactions, so our results need to be taken into account when designing new drugs. "In the longer term, this research could also help us exploit enzymes more successfully and lead to better m...

Relationship of brain and skull more than just packaging

...r statistical relationships existed between neural structures located near the top of the brain and boney features at the base of the skull." To look at the correlations between the skull and the brain, the researchers first had to find locations that could be accurately found again and again. Locating reliabl...

MIT research holds promise for Huntington's treatment

... The proteins may disrupt the function of cellular structures known as proteasomes, which perform a "trash can" function for the cell -- disposing of cellular proteins that are misfolded or no longer needed, said Bodner. Without a functional proteasome, those cellular proteins accumulate, poisoning brain cells...

U-M researchers take new approach to defeating Gram-negative bugs

...ls have sugars and carbohydrates on the outside in structures that look like hairs. That exterior protection is part of what makes Gram-negative bacteria harder to kill antibiotics, Woodard said. Woodard's team set out to genetically modify the cells to eliminate the key sugar to which the hair anchors on th...

Scientists make first step towards 'holy grail' of crystallography

...genomics and proteomics which aim to determine the structures of thousands of proteins. Protein crystallography plays a major role in this understanding because proteins, being the major machinery of living things, are often targets for drugs. To direct the proteins to become crystals, researchers use a subst...

Study reveals classic symbiotic relationship between ants, bacteria

...t we have examined] has different, highly modified structures to support different types of bacteria," says Currie. "This indicates the ants have rapidly adapted to maintain the bacteria. It also indicates that the co-evolution between the bacteria and the ants, as well as the fungus and parasites, has been o...

Heparin prepared synthetically could replace animal-derived drug

...s can be applied to synthesize other heparin-based structures that regulate cell growth and may have application...ool for screening lead compounds with heparin-like structures for drug discovery, according to the researchers. The findings were published Jan. 13, 2006, in Bioc...

Scientists identify molecular structure of key viral protein

...the second time that both the pre- and post-fusion structures have been determined for a class I viral fusion pr...being conducted on the HIV fusion protein, its two structures -- and an understanding of how the protein works -- remain incomplete. "The protein we studied," ex...

Chemical signaling helps regulate sensory map formation in the brain

...nd systematically transferred to their target, the structures in the brain that interpret information from the e...role as morphogens -- proteins that pattern bodily structures and determine cell fates -- Zou recently showed how members of the Wnt family served to guide pathfi...

Aging cells, aging body: Fresh evidence for a connection

...sfunction-induced foci, or TIFs. Presence of these structures signals that the protective chromosome caps called telomeres have dwindled enough to halt cell division. Scientists painstakingly counted the cells with aging biomarkers. What they found: The number of senescent cells increased exponentially with ag...

ASU researchers find link between social behavior, maternal traits in bees

...s has prompted researchers to look into how social structures and divisions of labor have arisen in bees from their solitary ancestors. Amdam's research supports the idea that elements of the reproductive behavior of those ancestors evolved to form a basis for social living and divisions of labor. This insight...

Ancient fossil DNA found preserved in crystal

...oning that fossil bones might possess such crystal structures containing preserved ancient DNA. After treating two modern and six fossil animal bones with the sodium hypo-chlorite, they found that DNA could be extracted from most of these crystal aggregates that is better preserved and contains longer fragmen...

Enzyme crystal structure reveals 'unexpected' genome repair functions

...her transcription or DNA repair. The XPB crystal structures developed by the researchers identified unexpected functional domains for XPB that, according to the study, help "address key questions about XPB structure-function relationships for transcription and nucleotide excision repair." Research Associate ...

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