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Tag: "structure" at biology news

Study charts origins of fear

...the hippocampus and the amygdala, an almond-shaped structure in front of the hippocampus. To further test the protein's influence, researchers reduced the amount in mice and found they were less hesitant to avoid shocks. "We tested the animals using both spatial and auditory cues," Zhuo says. "In one experimen...

Single gene is genetic switch for fly sexual behavior

...pment of a particular anatomical feature like wing structure have been studied extensively, but there are very few studies of switch genes that control a complex behavior, the researchers note. In part, this is because finding behavioral switch genes can be a difficult task. The key, says Dickson, is demonstr...

Virus uses tiny RNA to evade the immune system

...ecules with distinctive hairpin folds. The hairpin structure is diced into a microRNA segment that works with another complex to disable other messenger RNAs with complementary sequences. Among several dozen predicted microRNAs, the top candidate turned out to be abundantly expressed in human cells infected w...

'Cookbook recipes' would cure disease with nontoxic DNA delivery systems

Scientists studying the structure and interaction of negatively charged lipids and DNA molecules have created a "cookbook" for a class of nontoxic DNA delivery systems that will assist doctors and clinicians in the safe and effective delivery of genetic medicine. As reported in the ...

Einstein researchers identify new way that bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics

...ready using. After studying the three-dimensional structure of a TB protein called MfpA, the researchers found that the protein contains a fold that mimics DNA. So rather than binding with DNA--and becoming a target for the fluoroquinolones--DNA gyrase instead binds with the DNA "mimic" MfpA, rendering the fl...

Learning how SARS spikes its quarry

...lly from one human to the other. Understanding the structure of this complex will help us understand what these...laid the scientific groundwork for determining the structure of the spike-ACE2 complex. In 2003, Farzan's team discovered that the ACE2 protein is the receptor f...

Cells direct membrane traffic by channel width

...to crystallize," he said. "We don't have the known structure of many of them. There has been a lot of recent progress, and for aquaporins we've got four structures available, which is really exceptional for membrane channels." For the new study, his team focused on two of them. "Both were from the same bug, E...

New plant DNA libraries provides massive boost to world's plant researchers

...nt with interesting medicinal properties and a DNA structure made up of 16,000 megabases (by comparison a human's DNA structure consists of 3,000 megabases) Catharanthus roseus - a plant which is the only source of two key drug...

Study: Plants use dual defense system to fight pathogens

...cluding P. syringae, make a hypodermic needle-like structure that pierces the outermost membrane of a healthy plant or animal cell. The pathogen uses this conduit to send infectious effector proteins into the host cell. While P. syringae injects about 40 different varieties of effector molecules into a plant ...

Drugs from the deep blue

...compound in the lab, then try to find the simplest structure with the same properties. This work can pull in techniques from different areas of chemistry and biochemistry, but the pathways used to make these products naturally are far too complex to reproduce with current genetic engineering techniques, Molins...

New discovery blurs distinction between human cells and those of bacteria

...Biology Institute. "The complete three-dimensional structure is still unknown, but in this paper we have provided the first three-dimensional structure of the building blocks of the carboxysome, a protein shell which is the best-studied microcompartmen...

MSKCC researchers uncover structure of key protein complex in cells

...Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) have uncovered the structure of a network of proteins that help regulate the li...ue of Nature, offer the first complete look at the structure of these molecules as they are thought to exist in the cell. "Understanding this process could be i...

Nighttime Dying Linked To Sleep Apnea From Brain Cell Loss

...Biology Institute. "The complete three-dimensional structure is still unknown, but in this paper we have provided the first three-dimensional structure of the building blocks of the carboxysome, a protein shell which is the best-studied microcompartmen...

Field tested: Grasslands won't help buffer climate change as carbon dioxide levels rise

...Biology Institute. "The complete three-dimensional structure is still unknown, but in this paper we have provided the first three-dimensional structure of the building blocks of the carboxysome, a protein shell which is the best-studied microcompartmen...

Rutgers to lead $52.7 million protein research program

... bacteria to humans. These efforts will facilitate structure determination on a much larger number of proteins ..., including the selection of specific proteins for structure determination and subsequent computational analysis of the structures. From the structures, Columbia...

North & South American researchers find architectural abnormalities in T. cruzi ribosome

...l up to 30 percent of those infected. The unusual structure of the ribosome, published online the week of July...tory of Chagas and the need to know more about the structure of the parasite's ribosome. A ribosome is basically a double ball made mostly of RNA and over 50 pr...

Tiny roundworm's telomeres help scientists to tease apart different types of aging

... however, they can no longer replicate. The cell's structure and function begin to fail as it enters this state of growth arrest, called replicative senescence. "But even in very old people, blood cells, which divide continuously, don't have critically short telomeres. In humans and, as we know now, in worms,...

Metal-containing compounds show promise as HIV weapon

...estern, the Czech Republic and Germany studied the structure and inhibition properties of the basic molecule as well as several variants with chains of other atoms hanging off them. The researchers found that at very low concentrations, the new molecules inhibit protease in infected cultured human cells with n...

A 'dimmer switch' for genes

...aves illustrates this process by comparing protein structure with beads on a string. "After the protein is made, it can acquire what we call post-translational modifications, which are like decorations on a beaded necklace. In this analogy, one person creates a necklace using similar beads and then a committee...

Purdue researchers find key to rice blast fungus

...n the leaves. Once on the plant, the spore forms a structure called an appressorium. This bubble-like structure grows until it has so much pressure inside that it blasts through the plant's surface. "The penetra...

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