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Tag: "structural" at biology news

Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity

...ith which RNA polymerases transcribe DNA lies in a structural element termed the trigger loop, which makes both direct and indirect contact with all features of the nucleotide in the polymerase active center,?the researchers concluded. ...

Genetically engineered blood protein can be used to split water into oxygen and hydrogen

...ules of hydrogen and oxygen. Dr Stephen Curry, a structural biologist from Imperial College London's Division of Cell and Molecular Biology who participated in the research explains: "This work has shown that it is possible to manipulate molecules and proteins that occur naturally in the human body by changin...

Protein structure initiative launches new resources for the scientific community

...on hub where researchers can search for and submit structural information. Meanwhile, PSI scientists will contin...owledgebase" that will serve as a headquarters for structural information generated by its centers. For every protein, scientists will be able to find the best av...

Tearing down the fungal cell wall

...that mutation of the AbNPS2 gene is accompanied by structural changes that occur in the cell wall of the spores,... Electron microscopy revealed some of the dramatic structural changes in the cell wall arising from disruption of the gene. Dr. Nancy Keller, Professor in the ...

Compound eyes, evolutionary ties

... how 'little steps'--like the presence of a single structural protein--can so spectacularly account for major changes in form and function," said Charles Zuker, a professor of biology and neurosciences at UCSD and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, who headed the research team. ...

New clues to how sex evolves

...nder the microscope The tandem arrangement and structural similarities of the him and zim genes suggest they all arose from a common ancestor through gene duplication and subsequent selection. This inspired Dernburg and Phillips to look at similar genes in the related species C. remanei and C. briggsae. Lik...

Tiny Tampa Bay fish key to evolution of immune system

... "If we could take advantage of the atomic level structural features that we see, particularly those structural features at the stable core of this molecule, then we expect to design and produce more stable monoc...

How mammals fuel milk production may have implications for cancer

... While the loss of so-called Akt1 does not lead to structural abnormalities, they found, mothers deficient for the gene exhibit a disruption of the coordinated metabolic changes that normally occur at the onset of lactation. “The developmental program that prepares the mammary gland for lactation is among th...

Brown scientists map structure of DNA-doctoring protein complex

...ience, which plotted their positions to create the structural map. "The real breakthrough here is successfully using FRET to determine the structure of a large protein-DNA complex," Sun said. "Biologists now have a new tool to help them understand a variety of these complexes, including ones that control cel...

Novel pathway regulates timing of brain cell development

...ing the production of neurons. (Astrocytes provide structural and functional support to neurons, but can also regulate their differentiation.) Children's neurobiologist Gabriel Corfas, PhD, senior investigator on the study, says the discovery could have implications for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, sch...

Gene-bender proteins may sway to DNA

...hat many had assumed. To follow in real time the structural changes that accompany protein-DNA binding, Ansari and her UIC colleagues used a test protein from bacteria and applied a laser pulse lasting about 10 billionths of a second to heat up and disturb the protein-DNA complex. They watched the dynamics of...

RNA map provides first comprehensive understanding of alternative splicing

...n collaboration with former Rockefeller University structural biologist Stephen Burley, X-ray crystallographic studies. Unexpectedly, this search revealed four discrete peaks where the binding clusters locate. Furthermore, the location of the peaks correlated with Nova's action on regulating whether the alterna...

Detailed 3-D image catches a key regulator of neural stem cell differentiation in action

... Capitalizing on information gleaned from their structural studies, Noel's lab has already started that structure-based program. "We have designed the first generation of inhibitors and now it is a matter of chemically synthesizing them, testing them in test tubes and cells, and imaging them bound to Scp1 in...

Nanoscale microscope sheds first light on gene repair

...otein called H2AX, a kind of histone. Histones are structural proteins that act as spools around which DNA is wound, and they can also play roles in gene regulation and gene repair. H2AX is an early responder to DNA damage, and its change to what is known as gamma-H2AX is important for the coordination of signa...

Nanoparticle assembly enters the fast lane

...aterial, while in nanoscience, DNA is an excellent structural material due to its natural ability to self-assemble according to well-specified programmable rules," said Oleg Gang, the Brookhaven physicist who leads the research team. "Using biological materials such as DNA, we are developing approaches to cont...

Nanotech tools yield DNA transcription breakthrough

...rchers attached pairs of fluorescent "tags" to key structural elements of the machine and then monitored changes in distance between tags in single molecules as transcription occurred. The researchers showed that, during initial transcription, the machine does not move to reach adjacent DNA segments; nor does i...

UCLA researchers unravel a mystery about DNA

... 17 issue of the journal Science reveals important structural information about the gyrations of DNA during tran...pairs of fluorescent chemical tags attached to key structural elements of RNAP and the DNA double helix during initiation of the transcription process. The ch...

Researchers image molecular motor structural changes

... had not been able to capture actual images of the structural changes that a molecular motor undergoes as it bre...y had not been able to obtain images of the actual structural changes kinesins undergo as they move along microtubules. In the first step toward this breakthroug...

Newly discovered behavior in cancer cells signals dangerous metastasis

... activated by contact with stroma --the supporting structural cells of a tumor -- because the stroma is where the majority of epithelial-type cancer cells were observed. Their heavy presence implies that the stroma may have induced the cancer cells to revert to epithelial when they reached a new destination, so...

World's smallest cancer detection device

...grant, Dr. John Condeelis, co-chair of anatomy and structural biology at Einstein and the principal investigator of the newly funded program, and his Einstein colleagues will team up with researchers at the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE) of the University at Albany to develop a next-generat...

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