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Tag: "strand" at biology news

New findings challenge established views on human genome

... downstream of a transcription start site on a DNA strand as upstream. Identification of specific signatures of change in histones, which are the proteins that organize DNA, and correlation of these signatures with different genomic functions. Deeper understanding of how DNA replication is coordinated b...

Researchers attach genes to minichromosomes in maize

...all version of a chromosome, the threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins that carry genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information. Whereas a chromosome is made of both centromeres and telomeres with much intervening DNA, a minichromosome contains only centromeres and telo...

Scientists find potential 'off-switch' for HIV virus

...id." Weinberger and Shenk found the answer in a strand of HIV's DNA where a genetic circuit exists -- not an electrical circuit, but a set of chemical reactions that runs in a loop. First, one of HIV's genes creates the Tat protein, which is part of the chemical signal for the virus to begin replicating....

New study may show how to forestall a fatal, virus-caused immune-system meltdown

...aling networks are like spider webs—pulling on one strand causes all the strands to move, and the Ingenuity system helped us see and comprehend connections we would have missed otherwise.? Connecting those strands is critical to diagnosing and restoring balance to an immune system gone haywire in a diseas...

DNA ends: Common tool, different job

...epairs or replicates its DNA, the resulting single strand is wrapped up by a dedicated protein complex. In eukaryotes or organisms whose cells have a nucleus, this job is handled by a tripartite complex called replication protein A (RPA). Researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have now une...

RNAi shows promise in gene therapy, Stanford researcher says

... 18. RNAi is a biological phenomenon in which a strand of RNA in the cell can cause the destruction of another strand of RNA that is relaying a protein-coding message from a gene. With that protein-coding message rem...

Triplex assay used to assay duplex genomic DNA

...ically assayed. It is surmised that specific third strand binding creates additional grooves into which additional YOYO-1 molecules intercalate. "We have decided not to focus on improving probe chemistry at this time, but rather to develop a flow injection based instrument which is matched to our chemist...

Tiny clue reveals new path toward heart disease

...hen a single nucleotide building block in the long strand of DNA is altered. The researchers sought SNPs that occurred more or less often in individuals with coronary artery disease than in individuals without it, as such a link would indicate that these gene variants were associated with the disease. T...

Meeting the ethanol challenge: Scientists use supercomputer to target cellulose bottleneck

...ching to bundles of cellulose, pulling up a single strand of sugar, and putting it onto a molecular conveyor belt where it is chopped into smaller sugar pieces. "By learning how the cellulase enzyme complex breaks down cellulose we can develop protein engineering strategies to speed up this key reaction...

Scientists reveal structure of gateways to gene control

...aditional DNA sequencing methods processed one DNA strand at a time, but now we can sequence hundreds of thousands of DNA strands at once, rapidly learning incredible amounts of new information," Pugh said. The knowledge that most genes are packaged basically the same way is powerful information with imp...

Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity

...—and their complementary bases on the DNA template strand is far from sufficient to account for the incredible selectivity of polymerase II, Kornberg said. And the scientists didn’t know either how the polymerase avoids substituting the NTPs that constitute DNA for the correct RNA building blocks, molecules...

Comments, experts and background on the 2006 Nobel Prize in chemistry

...egins when the DNA double helix unzips so that one strand can be used as a template in creating a strand of messenger-RNA. The messenger-RNA then carries DNA's information out to cellular machinery that pr...

Regulating the nuclear architecture of the cell

...y nucleosomes are bound together by the continuing strand of DNA, which forms a string of beads that further coils to form one of two kinds of chromatin, either euchromatin or heterochromatin. Most genes reside in euchromatin, which is of relatively low density and where the DNA is more accessible to th...

Electric jolt triggers release of biomolecules, nanoparticles

...ers used gold electrodes, each as thin as a single strand of human hair, fabricated through the same photolithography techniques used to make computer chips. "We used a gold electrode because gold is a good conductor of electricity," said Mali, "and because it's an inert metal, it wouldn't get involved in a...

Scientists find new way to manipulate DNA

...it into small pieces to reassemble it into the DNA strand that is best for further biochemistry, Solomon said. ...

UCLA researchers unravel a mystery about DNA

...n a fixed position while it pulls the flexible DNA strand of the gene within itself and past the enzyme's re...s that had suggested that RNAP moves along the DNA strand as a complete block in a process resembling the movement of an inchworm. The research team is comp...

Scientists discover role for dueling RNAs

...s of DNA that comprise the gene unravel. The first strand produces a molecule called messenger RNA, which ac...the protein's template. Biologists call this first strand of DNA the "sense" or "coding" transcript. Even though the other strand doesn't contain a protein re...

Single molecular 'mark' seen as pivotal for genome compaction in spores and sperm

...rands by using the chemical bases in the companion strand as a reference. Bases in DNA pair only in predetermined combinations, so that one strand can serve as a template for the other. "Compaction might also affect sperm fertility and function i...

Boston University biomedical engineers win major grant for pursuit of the '$1,000 Genome'

...l methods to decode the sequence of bases on a DNA strand at the molecular level. Using beams of electrons, ...researchers to record the sequence of bases as the strand emerges from the nanopore. Meller has devised a system of lasers and highly sensitive detectors whic...

Pure carbon nanotubes pass first in vivo test

...e nanometer in diameter ?about the same width as a strand of DNA. Nanotubes have unique chemical and optical properties, and they have attracted intense interest from biomedical researchers. "The early results are promising for anyone interested in using carbon nanotubes in biomedical applications," said...

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