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Tag: "stimulated" at biology news

Researchers offer clues to how leaves patterns are formed

...ears it has been known that a hormone called auxin stimulated the formation of the veins. "It was believed that auxin would behave like man--build the streets on which man himself would travel," said Scarpella. "However, the theory argued that in each individual vein auxin could only run one way at any given ti...

Stimulation of the semicircular canals can artificially control human walking and balance

...cal aspects of bipedal locomotion--the researchers stimulated nerves that normally communicate signals from the ...ever, the semicircular canals that the researchers stimulated to control walking and balance detect rotational movements of the head, not the direction of gravity...

Scientists solve sour taste proteins

...n in response to various stimuli. The researchers stimulated mammalian cells expressing PDK1L3 and PKD2L1 with various taste chemicals to identify which stimuli caused the ion channels to open. To visualize the presence of calcium ions in the cell, the scientists loaded the cells with two calcium-sensitive flu...

Prozac's target revealed

...ed which step in the neurogenesis pathway might be stimulated by Prozac. They found that Prozac treatment specifically stimulates the generation of a kind of cells they dubbed "amplifying neural progenitors" or ANPs--the second step in the neurogenesis pathway from stem cells to mature neurons. (Illustration av...

Researchers attack tumor cells by exploiting dependency on sugar metabolism

...human breast and lung cancers. Inhibition of LDH-A stimulated mitochondrial function and drastically compromised the ability of the tumor cells to proliferate in low oxygen conditions. Restoration of LDH-A activity reestablished the glycolytic phenotype of the tumor cells. These data suggest that alterations i...

Gardenia fruit compound starting point for diabetes therapy

...as the active compound. Genipin, like the extract, stimulated insulin secretion in control but not UCP2-deficient pancreas cells. They further found that acute addition of genipin to isolated pancreatic tissue reversed high glucose- and obesity-induced dysfunction of insulin-producing beta cells. A derivative ...

Important gene controlling tree growth and development found

.... With the help of this gene poplar trees can be stimulated to flower after a few weeks instead of after the n... prematurely in a transgenic tree, the tree can be stimulated to flower already in just a few weeks. After a few months completely normal flowers are formed. It ...

Free radical cell death switch identified

... the nucleus, the command center of the cell. Once stimulated by oxidative stress, MST acts in its capacity as an enzyme to modify and thereby activate the FOXO proteins, instructing the FOXO proteins to move from the periphery of the cell into the nucleus of neurons. Once in the nucleus, the FOXO proteins wer...

Bacteria could make new library of cancer drugs that are too complex to create artificially

...led prodiginines. This group of antibiotics has stimulated much recent interest as they can be used to target and kill cancer cells. A synthetic prodiginine analogue called GX15-070 is currently in phase 1 and 2 cancer treatment trials. However, analogues of other prodiginines, such as streptorubin B, could ...

New angiogenesis finding may help fight cancer growth

...or blocked angiogenesis, and blocking the receptor stimulated angiogenesis," Bresnick says. In theory, selectively stimulating angiogenesis could help treat heart attacks by restoring blood flow to the heart, increasing the blood supply to threatened heart muscle. NK-B also plays a role in a mysterious but ...

Epstein-Barr virus might kick-start multiple sclerosis

...ls proliferated to a greater extent when they were stimulated by antigens," said Edwards. "We also examined T-cell responses to influenza hemagglutinin, antigens derived from cytomegalovirus, and even EBV antigens other than EBNA1," Edwards said. "The T-cell responses to these were all normal in MS patients, ...

Mirrors in the mind: New studies elucidate how the brain reflects onto itself the actions of others

...banana," some brain areas activated that were also stimulated by videos of fruit being bitten. Similar findings were obtained for hand actions (for example, grasping a pen) and foot actions (for example, pressing a piano pedal). Together, the findings suggest that mirror neurons play a key role in the mental "r...

American scientist's research of life's first cells

...oma he worked in the group of G.E. Schulz and this stimulated his interest in biochemistry and protein-crystallography. He continued to follow these interests by pursuing PhD work in the group of W. Saenger at the Free University Berlin, Germany. There, Loll elucidated the three dimensional structure of photosy...

One signal elicits thousands of answers

...oral dynamic. For this approach cell cultures were stimulated by EGF for different lengths of time. The "Epidermal Growth Factor" is known for causing the phosphorylation of a multitude of enzymes and proteins along a signal transduction pathway. In the following step all proteins were isolated from the cells, ...

Need to pull an all-nighter?

... brain cells from rats that adenosine's release is stimulated by nitric oxide. The two teams decided to collaborate. Studying mildly sleep-deprived rats ?kept awake for an extra three hours ?they found that nitric oxide production in the basal forebrain, but not in other parts of the brain, increased, by 50 ...

Natural anti-viral enzyme helps keep cancer cells alive, researchers find

...off in healthy cells unless the immune response is stimulated but was always active in the cancerous cells they studied. When they blocked the function of TBK-1 in both the cancerous and healthy cells, cancer cells died while healthy cells survived. A German research team has studied clinical samples of tumor...

Smashing the time it takes to repair our bones

...dvanced the understanding of how bone cells can be stimulated to heal factures and has for the first time combined the artificial reproduction of both mechanical and electrical stimulants. "Previous research has looked at both of these stimulants individually, but not together, neglecting the fact that both ...

Growth factor stimulates rapid extension of key motor neurons in brain

...ent growth factors verified that axonal growth was stimulated only by IGF-1 and only in CSMN. The researchers also showed that IGF-1 enhancement of axonal growth operates separately from the growth factor's known support of neuronal survival. Tests in living developing mice showed that blocking the IGF-1 path...

Gladstone investigators identify a new protective action for the powerful anti-HIV factor, APOBEC3G

... life cycle. However, when resting CD4 T cells are stimulated by a foreign protein or other signal, A3G is rapidly recruited into large RNA protein complexes within the cells. This change neutralizes the anti-HIV properties of A3G, opening the door to HIV infection. In the current study, the researchers set...

Dopamine used to prompt nerve tissue to regrow

...ons when used on a small piece of nerve tissue and stimulated extensive neural growth. The implanted polymer didn't cause any tissue scarring or nerve degeneration, allowing the nerve to grow in a hostile environment post injury. When ready for clinical use, the polymer would be implanted at the damaged sit...

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