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Tag: "stage" at biology news

Genetic defects give the immune system the green light to attack the pancreas

...ence and even appear in adulthood, but the genetic stage is set beforehand. T-cells play a key role. They are part of the highly complex array of immune cells that normally work together to fight invaders such as bacteria or viruses, adapting specifically to each new invader. Formed in the thymus gland, T...

PET/CT can identify new cancer lesions at early stage, allowing for prompt treatment

... "Such newly identified lesions are often of early stage and have a better likelihood of being cured if treated promptly and aggressively," indicated Wahl, the senior author who co-wrote the JNM article, "Detection of Unexpected Additional Primary Malignancies With PET/CT," with SNM members Takayoshi Ishim...

Scientists discover that three overlapping signals in embryo help get the backbone right

... about embryonic and fetal development and set the stage for the stem cell debate. That 1924 observation in newts by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold earned Spemann the Nobel Prize in 1935 and generated the notion that embryonic cells don't know what they'll become until they get the proper signal. This con...

Defensins Ward Off HIV In Two Ways

... on vulnerable cells to block HIV infection at the stage when the virus is taken up by the cell and begins replicating itself and integrating into the host. The authors also show that the way alpha-defensin-1 blocks HIV infection in cells is by inhibiting a CD4+ cell-signaling molecule called PKC. The fin...

Basis for DNA ejection from single phage particles

...oup recently showed that the pressure at the final stage of encapsulation for a particular bacteriophage reached a value of 60 atomospheres, which is close to ten times the pressure inside a bottle of champagne. In the new work reported this week, researchers have evaluated whether the energy thus stored i...

Researchers make surprise discovery that some neurons can transmit three signals at once

...mate activates NMDA receptors at the most critical stage of brain development and organization, we realized that this could explain a number of fundamental questions," explained Karl Kandler, Ph.D., associate professor of neurobiology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and the study's seni...

Tendency to hair loss inherited from the mother

...ho suffered from premature balding at a very early stage very much more often than among men who still had a full head of hair when over 60," Professor Nöthen says. More androgen receptors in the scalp Probably the genetic variant results in more androgen receptors in the scalp. "Our findings permit two ...

Stealth Worms May Improve Insect Pest Control

... as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), the juvenile stage of these tiny worms travels with bacteria in its i...ive entirely inside the decaying insect. The third stage infective juvenile is the only one that can live outside the insect host. Numbering about 150,000 st...

Scientists generate patient-specific stem cells, Science study says

... allowed to grow to the blastocyst stage, an early stage of embryo development. Stem cells were then derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. In laboratory culture, these cell lines displayed signs of immunological compatibility with the patients' cells, Science authors reported. Oocyte donors ...

SuperLigands - a database of ligand structures derived from the Protein Data Bank

... allowed to grow to the blastocyst stage, an early stage of embryo development. Stem cells were then derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. In laboratory culture, these cell lines displayed signs of immunological compatibility with the patients' cells, Science authors reported. Oocyte donors ...

Characterizing Skin Cancer by Microarrays

Microarray technology can be used to identify each stage of skin cancer tumor (melanoma) progression, according to a newly published report. Melanomas grow in two phases: radial and vertical. Vertical-phase tumors are more likely to metastasize (spread cancer to other parts of the body) than radial melano...

Owl genomics presents a HEPATOCHIP for diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

...resembling alcoholic hepatitis. NASH is a critical stage in the process that spans from hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. NASH is one of the most common causes of elevated aminotransfereases in patients referred for evaluation to hepatologists. Obesity and type-2 diabetes are associated t...

Bee mites suppress bee immunity, open door for viruses and bacteria

...on. The bee mites transfer from adult bees to late stage larva. The virus can be transferred through many different pathways. "This system is important not only because of what the mites are doing to honey bee populations in the U.S., but because it can be used as a model system for exploring what happens...

Scientists use manufacturing methods to reconstruct mastodon

...rom another specimen of the same species, size and stage of development, for instance, or manually sculpting a replacement bone, based on measurements and comparisons with the rest of the skeleton. Now, however, Fisher and his team are using 3-D digitization, modeling and rapid prototyping—technologies th...

Beneficial Beetles Battle Pesky Saltcedar

... when the insect is in its caterpillar-like larval stage or has matured into a quarter-inch-long adult beetle. Besides disrupting the natural surroundings needed by native plants, birds, fish and other forms of life, saltcedar plays havoc with farm roads and fields. For example, when rivers and streams ov...

Vitamin A's paradoxical role in influencing symmetry during embryonic development revealed

...tamin A. Retinoic acid exerts its influence at the stage when the embryonic stem cells enter the node region of the embryo and begin forming the embryo's three main layers of cells that organize into the brain and nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, and other systems of the body. Cells in the vici...

Stem cell therapy successfully treats heart attack in animals

... are using a special kind of stem cell in an early stage of development, called adult mesenchymal stem cells, to avoid potential problems with immunosuppression, in which every human's immune system might attack stem cells from sources other than itself. Bone marrow adult stem cells do not have the same po...

New method shows it is possible to grow bone for grafts within a patient's body

... be possible to grown replacement bone at an early stage and freeze it so it can be used when it is needed, says Prasad. Despite the fact that living bone is continually growing and reshaping, the numerous attempts to coax it to grow bone outside of the body--in vitro--have all failed. Recent attempts to ...

One hit of crystal meth causes birth defects

...Wells. This vulnerability lasts from the embryonic stage through the later fetal period, times when organ structures and mental functions develop. "People usually think the last trimester of pregnancy is when developing brain function is most susceptible to damage, but in this case the brain is also affec...

Researchers discover mechanism for multiplying adult stem cells

... that is known to be active in the early embryonic stage of an organism. Oct4's primary function is to keep an embryo in an immature state. It acts as a gatekeeper, preventing the cells in the embryo from differentiating into tissue-specific cells. While Oct4 is operating, all the cells in the embryo remai...

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