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Tag: "speeds" at biology news

Salty oceans provide early warning for climate change

... Zahn. Regardless of whether ocean circulation speeds up or slows down it causes significant climate change, altering the hydrological cycle and affecting atmospheric circulation patterns too. Currently there is no large-scale salt monitoring system in place in the southern hemisphere oceans. Zahn t...

Brain's white matter -- More 'talkative' than once thought

... common: no myelin insulation. Normally myelin speeds electrical impulses. Cells lacking the coating fire 20 to 90 times slower than cells coated with myelin. Myelin loss is well known to impair signaling and information processing, causing nerve cells to die and creating such neurodegenerative conditio...

Fitness has fallen since the days of Ancient Greece

...hletes powering the ship over a range of different speeds to estimate the efficiency of the human engine of ...ly collected and used to estimate sustainable ship speeds in The Athenian Trireme (CUP, 2rd edition 2000), which Professor Rankov co-authored. For example,...

Brown team finds crucial protein role in deadly prion spread

...s the culprit. "To understand how fragmentation speeds the spread of prions, think of a dandelion," Serio said. "A dandelion head is a cluster of flowers that each carries a seed. When the flower dries up and the wind blows, the seeds disperse. Prion protein works the same way. Hsp104 acts like the wind,...

Biologists call for better choice of model organisms in 'evo-devo'

...ber of speciation events. "Sometimes evolution speeds up in association with speciation ?an organism can change a lot in this time. "However, substantial evolutionary change may also occur in the absence of speciation, so basal species are not necessarily, or even likely a more conserved model of th...

Longer-lived rodents have lower levels of thyroid hormone

...gnificantly lower levels of a thyroid hormone that speeds metabolism, a new study has found. The study further strengthens the theory that the faster an animal's metabolism, the shorter its life, and vice versa, said Mario Pinto, the study's lead author. The thyroid releases hormones that regulate metaboli...

Squid-inspired design could mean better handling of underwater vehicles

...ts to maneuver and dock underwater vehicles at low speeds and with greater precision. In addition, the tech...ehicles ensures rapid deployment and high cruising speeds with minimal energy, their hydrodynamic design makes them more difficult to maneuver or dock at low ...

MIT designs portable 'lab on a chip'

...attery power (a few volts) to achieve similar flow speeds and also provides a greater degree of flow control. The key to boosting energy efficiency is altering the electric field in the channel, Bazant said. Instead of placing electrodes at each end of the channel, as in capillary electro-osmosis, the vol...

On the golf tee or pitcher's mound, brain dooms motion to inconsistency

... the researchers observed subtle variations in the speeds of the reaches. The monkeys rarely reached with the same exact speed, whether for a green or red spot. More importantly, after some sophisticated statistical processing, the scientists found the small variations in reach speed were predicted by small...

Diabetes research takes wing thanks to long-lived fruit fly

... people or even mice. Working first in fruit flies speeds up the process toward finding potential treatments or cures for diseases like cancer." ...

Natural pine bark extract relieves muscle cramp and pain in athletes and diabetics

...j-en-all) improves blood flow to the muscles which speeds recovery after physical exercise. The study of 113 participants demonstrated that Pycnogenol significantly reduces muscular pain and cramps in athletes and healthy, normal individuals. "With the millions of athletes worldwide, this truly is a profo...

How low can you go? Ants learn to limbo

...pril. Desert ants generally scurry around at high speeds whilst foraging to limit their exposure to the life threatening conditions of their habitat. Climbing over or crawling beneath obstacles means that ants do not have to make large detours to go around them. "We found that the ants visually assessed ...

Newly discovered killer cell fights cancer

...Kimmel Cancer Center. "We think this hybrid cell speeds up immune reactions and makes the system more efficient," adds Pardoll, whose findings are reported in the February issue of Nature Medicine. The Hopkins investigators speculate that the hybrid, dubbed "IKDC" for interferon-producing killer dendriti...

Hopkins researchers discover genetic switch that turns off an oxygen-poor cell's combustion engine

...xygen and the internal combustion engine at higher speeds and rely on an electric engine without need for oxygen consumption at lower speeds. Cells consume glucose through its main energy-producing machine, the mitochondrion, when oxygen is ample. But like the internal combustion engine, this process gene...

Salk researchers make fast strides towards understanding how our body controls walking

...hed off. Switching off motor neurons more quickly, speeds up the stepping movements, allowing animals to walk, run, or swim faster. ...

Polymer aids in blood clotting, pointing way to new treatment

...eport that a linear polymer known as polyphosphate speeds blood clotting and helps clots last longer. The paper appears online this week (Jan. 9-14) on the PNAS Web site. Polyphosphate was shown to have three important roles, said James H. Morrissey, a biochemist in the U. of I. College of Medicine at Urba...

Earth Rx: A microbial biotechnology prescription for global environmental health

...er was cleaned up by a bacterial-laden sludge that speeds up the breakdown of the organic material in sewage. With recent advances in biology, materials, computing, and engineering, environmental biotechnologists now are able to use microbial communities for a wealth of services to society. These include...

New molecule may aid in production of biofuels and fungi-resistant plants

...inases. They showed that adding CBP21 dramatically speeds up the degradation of chitin by chitinases. CBP21 works by binding to chitin through highly specific interactions that disrupt the chitin structure making the individual sugar chains in the chitin polymer more amenable to enzymatic degradation. The ...

DNA size a crucial factor in genetic mutations, study finds

...build a new DNA molecule. An enzyme-a protein that speeds the reaction, in this case the bacteria E. coli's DNA polymerase I-moves along the template and selects the corresponding base to create a new base pair. DNA bases fit into a specialized site on the enzyme before they are bonded to the template. Koo...

UIC researchers show protein routes messages in nerve cells

Nerve cells relay messages at blink-of-the-eye speeds by squirting chemicals called neurotransmitters across tiny gaps called synapses to awaiting message receptors. But lots of different receptors and neurotransmitters work simultaneously. Which goes where to send the proper message? Research reported...

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