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Tag: "specificity" at biology news

Master regulatory gene of epithelial stem cells identified

...lls, suggests a fundamental requirement for tissue specificity of these regulators that we don’t understand," says McKeon. "Dissecting the genetic programs controlled by these regulators will tell us much about how stem cells function and how they go awry in cancer." ...

Changes in amino acids in the 1918 influenza virus cut transmission

...e respiratory tract. However, only the virus with specificity for binding to alpha2-6 silaic acids was able to transmit by aerosols to contact ferrets. "It appears that when the virus only had an alpha-2,3 binding activity, replication and virulence didn't change," explains Dr. García-Sastre. "These animals sti...

3-D ultrasound identifies women at risk for impending preterm birth

...stic accuracy. "The high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the adrenal gland volume in predicting preterm birth within five days from the time of examination proves that 3-dimensional ultrasound evaluation of the fetal adrenal gland has the desired test characteristics to define a population at risk," the...

Common blood test can help distinguish between mononucleosis and tonsillitis

...n .35 would have a sensitivity of 90 percent and a specificity of 100 percent for the detection of mononucleosis,...aving mononucleosis 100 percent of the time. "The specificity and sensitivity of this test seem to be better than the mononucleosis spot test itself," the authors...

Early-stage immune system control of HIV may depend on inherited factors

...ermined, seems to have a significant impact on the specificity and strength of that response. "Identifying the HIV epitopes [viral fragments] that are particularly good at priming an early T cell response may be important to vaccine design, and the impact of an individual's genetic HLA Class I background impl...

Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity

...precise location,?the researchers reported. “The specificity is a result of the alignment with the NTP that is ...th of a second. “The basis for the extraordinary specificity with which RNA polymerases transcribe DNA lies in a structural element termed the trigger loop, whic...

Silver bullet: UGA researchers use laser, nanotechnology to rapidly detect viruses

...ations such as gene insertions and deletions. This specificity makes it valuable as a diagnostic tool, but also as a means for epidemiologists to track where viruses originate from and how they change as they move through populations. The researchers have shown that the technique works with viruses isolated f...

New research to cut animal testing

... Sciences. "Unfortunately, such tests have poor specificity and a lot of safe compounds are also wrongly identified as potential carcinogens. This means that animal testing is still carried out, in case such compounds turn out to be safe. "The testing process developed at Gentronix has proven very reliabl...

Researchers discover mechanism that determines when detailed memories are retained

...the first to tie levels of acetylcholine to memory specificity and could have implications in the study and treatment of memory-related disorders. The findings appear in the November issue of the journal Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. "This is the first time that direct stimulation of a brain region ...

New technology used to construct the first map of structural variation in the human genome

...® Human Mapping 500K Early Access SNP arrays. The specificity of the algorithm, coupled with the increased probe density of these arrays, permitted the identification of approximately 1,000 CNVs, many of which were below the detection size limit of alternative methodologies. Furthermore, the algorithm more acc...

Elasticity imaging identifies cancers and reduces breast biopsies

...gn lesions, for a sensitivity of 100 percent and a specificity of 99 percent. “Our ability to find lesions in the breast has increased significantly over the last 10 years but at the expense of an increased number of biopsies,?Dr. Barr said. “This technique could significantly reduce the number of biopsies an...

Researchers unveil strategy for creating actively-programmed anti-cancer molecules

...fication that resulted in the reprogramming of the specificity of the antibody to match the binding specificity of the small molecule. In this way, the antibodies were directed to the target avb3 integrin-a cell ...

Cells use mix-and-match approach to tailor regulation of genes

...factors to achieve a high degree of complexity and specificity in the expression of its genes is impossible for even the most experienced cell biologists to conceptualize," said Andreas Beyer, a post-doctoral fellow at the UCSD Jacobs School of Engineering's Department of Bioengineering. "That's why we have comp...

Data published in PNAS show antibodies can be made 10 times more toxic to cancer cells

...molecule drug treatments for cancer, such as their specificity in targeting tumor cells and low toxicity. There are currently eight approved anticancer antibody products on the market today and many more are in development. Unfortunately, many marketed treatments lack the desired potency against tumor cells, pro...

Can dogs smell cancer?

...detect breast and lung cancer with sensitivity and specificity between 88% and 97%. The high accuracy persisted even after results were adjusted to take into account whether the lung cancer patients were currently smokers. Moreover, the study also confirmed that the trained dogs could even detect the early stag...

Minor mutations in avian flu virus increase chances of human infection

...e online version of the journal Science. Receptor specificity for the influenza virus is controlled by the glyco... the cell. The switch from ?2-3 to ?2-6 receptor specificity is a critical step in the adaptation of avian viruses to a human host and appears to be one of the r...

Melanoma vaccine strategy shows promise in laboratory experiments

...rd of all melanoma patients. Herlyn adds that the specificity of the peptide ?the fact that it is found only in melanoma cells, not normal cells ?suggests that the toxicity of any vaccine based on the peptide would be minimal. Killer T cells sparked into action by the vaccine would target only the cancer cells,...

Intelligently designed molecular evolution

...mes would enable us to design enzymes with greater specificity and higher activity." To test this idea, Keasling and his students worked with a type of naturally occurring hydrocarbon compounds, called sesquiterpenes, that is widely used in a variety of products. For their model enzyme, they selected a sesqui...

Scientists develop protein-sequence analysis tool

...ochemical studies to be important for the enzymes' specificity and/or function."This suggests that CPDL will have broad utility for identifying amino acid residues likely to play a role in distinguishing protein classes," Shanklin said. Scientists have already used such comparative sequence analysis to identify...

Researchers use 'trickery' to create immune response against melanoma

...agments that can bind to target antigens with high specificity and affinity; analogous to monoclonal antibodies. ..., which can target prostate cancer cells with high specificity and efficiency. Once bound to prostate cancer cells, the nanoparticle/aptamer bioconjugates were int...

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