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Tag: "specialized" at biology news

Amateur boxing linked to brain cell injury

... protein, which indicates damage to the astroglia, specialized cells that surround neurons to insulate and support them. An increase in this chemical was also recently found in patients who experienced severe brain injury, and the levels were linked to the patient's clinical outcome. Levels of all three chemic...

'Trojan Horse' agent halts bone metastasis in mice

...t this "Trojan Horse" agent, VEGF121/rGel, stopped specialized cells within the bone from chewing up other bone material to make room for the implanted tumor to grow. Although this study tested the ability of VEGF121/rGel to halt the growth of human prostate cancer cells in the bones of mice, investigators sa...

Key gene controlling kidney development found

...produce the differentiated cells that give rise to specialized parts of the organ, according to investigators at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Differentiation is the process by which a progenitor (unspecialized) cell develops characteristics specific to its job in the body. The kidney stem cells, calle...

Carnegie Mellon scientists use 'green' approach to transform plastics manufacturing

... (monomers) into multiple arrangements that create specialized polymers. This technology enables production of "smart" materials that can respond intelligently to altered environments, such as changes in pressure, acidity, light exposure and other variables. ATRP is being licensed to several companies that ha...

Detailed 3-D image catches a key regulator of neural stem cell differentiation in action

...d driving the maturation of neural stem cells into specialized neurons. "Scp1 is an interesting twist on how genes can be regulated during development," says Pfaff. "In the past there has been a lot of emphasis on chromatin modifications and physical access to genes, but Scp1 regulates the activity of the en...

'Erectile dysfunction' drugs heighten natural anti-cancer activity

...ger nitric oxide appear to dampen the effects of a specialized cell that diverts the immune system away from tumors, allowing swarms of cancer-attacking T-cells to migrate to tumor sites in the rodents. Lab-grown cancer cells treated with sildenafil showed similar results, as did tissue samples taken from 14...

Fishy cooperation

...n in the animal kingdom—for example, primates have specialized signals to solicit each other's support in fights. What is truly spectacular about this study is that the entire interaction pattern—two actors who seemingly know what they are going to do and how this will benefit them—is not one we usually associat...

The power of one: A simpler, cheaper method for cell fusion

...od for electrofusion requires a very expensive and specialized electrical pulse generator," said Lu, a professor ...nd, uses a $100 DC power supply, which, unlike the specialized generator, can be used to power other laboratory equipment. And because of its microscale dimensions...

Transplanted photoreceptor precursor cells restore visual function in mice with retinal degeneration

...s in stem cells in order for them to become highly specialized neurons. Although the experiment has implica.... Photoreceptors consist of rods and cones, highly specialized cells that capture light and convert it into chemical signals that travel through the inner retina a...

New clues to how sex evolves

... elegans chromosomes together during meiosis. This specialized cell division produces gametes, or sex cells, each of which has only one copy of each chromosome instead of the two copies most cells carry. During meiosis a cell replicates and then divides twice, resulting in sperm or eggs with just one set of ...

Protein structure initiative launches new resources for the scientific community

...rs concentrate on churning out structures, the six specialized centers will continue to develop methods and tools that lead to more efficient and successful determination of challenging protein structures, such as membrane proteins and large protein complexes. Many of the technologies conceptualized during t...

Science researchers genetically transform immune cells into tumor fighters

...netically engineered normal immune cells to become specialized tumor fighters, demonstrating for the first time that these engineered cells can persist in the body and shrink large tumors in humans. Two of the 17 people with advanced melanoma who received the experimental treatment saw their tumors shrink and...

Stem cells engage in dialogue with the cells that regulate their futures

... They also produce progeny that change into other, specialized cells. Importantly, stem cells have the capacity to divide throughout the life of an organism. They do so through regulated external stimuli that may initiate from stem cells. This regulation of cell division needs to be tightly controlled." Too litt...

OHSU researchers demonstrate how white blood cells cannibalize virus-infected cells

... of the journal Nature Medicine. CD8+ T-cells are specialized white blood cells that serve an important role in the body's immune system. The cells attack and destroy disease "invaders" such as viruses in the body. Previous studies indicated that T-cells may consume parts of cells with which they interact, but ...

Interaction between lymph and liver cells may affect immune response

...tissue; these cells must typically be activated by specialized cells known as professional antigen presenting cel...cells) using electron microscopy. LSECs are highly specialized endothelial cells that line the walls of hepatic sinusoid cells (gossamer-like structures that form ...

Cloned mice created from fully differentiated cells, a milestone in cloning research

...e ability to self-renew and differentiate into any specialized cell type, they have been heralded for their promise for treating a variety of diseases and conditions. Yet, even for cloning of an embryo to the blastocyst stage, from which embryonic stem cells can be generated, adult stem cells have yielded disapp...

Gene key to taste bud development identified

...in the brain, eye and inner ear differentiate into specialized nerve cells. Taste bud cells, much like skin cells, continually slough off and are replaced by new ones. So the new findings not only provide insights into the interactions between SOX2 and tongue stem cells during embryonic development, but also i...

Nonvenomous Asian snakes 'borrow' defensive poison from toxic toads

...fensive maneuver. "Sequestration of toxins in a specialized [neck gland] structure in a vertebrate is a remarkable finding," said William Zamer, IOS deputy director at NSF. "This finding offers new insights into the complex mechanisms underlying ecological relationships and will lead to important insights abo...

Cancer cells forming blood vessels send their copper to the edge

...PS beamline Finney and her colleagues used employs specialized optics to focus coherent X-rays to sub-micrometer spot sizes, through which the sample is raster scanned (scanning from side to side, top to bottom). By collecting emitted fluorescence spectra at each point using an energy-dispersive detector, the re...

Does evolution select for faster evolvers?

...ent discoveries, including the identification of a specialized protein that bacteria use to swap genes, has led to wide acceptance in recent years. "We know that the majority of the DNA in the genomes of some animal and plant species ?including humans, mice, wheat and corn ?came from HGT insertions," Deem sai...

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