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Tag: "specialized" at biology news

Studies suggest new brain protein may help in treating schizophrenia, insomnia and anxiety

...a small cluster of cells in the brainstem, yet its specialized receptors are found in several areas of the brain, including those that are associated with the regulation of arousal, sleep and wakefulness, anxiety, appetite, learning and memory. Dr. Reinscheid and his colleagues reported finding the new neuropept...

Insect predation sheds light on food web recovery after the dinosaur extinction

...sects took a further hit when the plants they were specialized to eat disappeared. Surviving insects faced the choice of shifting their food resource or dying. Many died, but in most places a few survived, and from these, some evolved to feed on new host plants. As the ecosystem rebuilt new links from its ...

Bones hold the key to blood renewal

...Only when they leave the niches do they morph into specialized blood cells, possibly becoming immune cells for fighting infection or cells for blood clotting and healing after injury. They can even respond to calls for help from organs such as the liver, migrating through the bloodstream to assist in repairing d...

Genetic tug of war determines sexual differentiation

...ion of these three genes leads to the formation of specialized cells known as Sertoli cells, which then spur the cascade of events leading to the formation of the future seminiferous tubules of the adult testis," she continued. "Once the testes are formed, they start producing testosterone, which commits the who...

Mass. General study finds potential ovarian cancer stem cells

...or's ability to grow and spread. If some of these specialized cells escaped destruction by chemotherapy or radiation, the tumor would be able to recur quickly, often in a form resistant to chemotherapy. Similar cancer stem cells have been previously identified in leukemia and breast cancer and in cell lines of...

PTEN: the Treg's handbrake

Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ Tregs are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that function to prevent other T cells destroying self-tissues. But harnessing the therapeutic potential of Tregs -- for example, to treat autoimmune diseases such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis -- is hampered by proble...

Giant deep-sea tubeworm's meal ticket comes in as a skin infection

...rs and its stomach shrinksaway, even as it grows a specialized organcalled the trophosome that houses thesymbiotic bacteria it collects. "It is anabsolutely obligate symbiosis for the worm,"Fisher explains. "If the larvae do not getthe right symbiont, they die." The prevailing hypothesis was that theappropriate...

Plants tell caterpillars when it's safe to forage

...r example, respond to foraging damage by releasing specialized chemical signals - volatile organic compounds that evaporate in the air - that attract the forager's natural enemies. This strategy is obviously no use against a cow, but proves effective when the offender is a caterpillar and the summoned predator i...

Scientists reverse evolution

...uct an ancient gene. ?We have proven that from two specialized modern genes, we can reconstruct the ancient gene ... advantage "because they had more genes to use for specialized jobs," including adapting to environmental changes, Tvrdik says. Each gene is made of DNA. Some o...

Prozac's target revealed

...hat converts unspecialized stem cells into mature, specialized neurons. Next, knowing that Prozac treatment somehow increases the number of neurons in the brain, the researchers tested which step in the neurogenesis pathway might be stimulated by Prozac. They found that Prozac treatment specifically stimulates ...

UCLA study finds same genes act differently in males and females

...esting that gender influences important genes with specialized roles, not the rank-and-file. In the liver, for example, the expression of genes involved in drug metabolism differed by sex. The findings imply that male and female livers function the same, but work at different rates. "Our findings in the liver...

C-myc required by the immune system

...es a 'memory' of previous attack by pathogens. The specialized cells involved in this process are known as 'T memory cells'. The T memory cells are normally maintained at a low level that can be rapidly expanded if the pathogen is detected again. The maintenance of normal, low levels, or 'homeostasis', of T memo...

New technology addresses female fertility preservation

...n vitro. (A follicle is a small spherical group of specialized support cells surrounding each egg.) This novel technology has already led to the live birth of healthy mice from in vitro grown follicles. The results are published online this month by the journal Tissue Engineering. The study shows that follicl...

Species unique to tidal marshes face threats

...n concentrate salts from large volumes of water or specialized glands that exude salt. Many are gray or black in color, which is believed to be an advantage because it matches the dark color of the soils often found in tidal marshes. Why endemic tidal marsh species seem to be largely restricted to North America-...

Medium is the message for stem cells in search of identities

... scientists create laboratory environments to grow specialized cells that can be transplanted into patients to tr...ells continue to proliferate because they are in a specialized 'niche' that nurtures them and keeps them dividing. Previous studies have shown that factors in the ...

Birds going extinct faster due to human activities

... scientists create laboratory environments to grow specialized cells that can be transplanted into patients to tr...ells continue to proliferate because they are in a specialized 'niche' that nurtures them and keeps them dividing. Previous studies have shown that factors in the ...

MUHC announces a transplant first in Quebec

...Quebec and other provinces for this form of highly specialized patient care," says Dr. Renzo Cecere, Surgical Director of Heart Failure and Heart Transplantation at the MUHC. "We are particularly pleased to have specialists from every discipline with a strong interest in transplantation, allowing us to successfu...

Knowledge of dendritic cells branches out

...mined that the practical operations of DC are more specialized than previously believed. Rather than being genera...ody, it seems that DC are effectively organized as specialized squads that deal with specific problems ?just as a police force might have different departments to ...

What controls stickiness of 'smart' chromosomal glue

...hromosomes at precisely the moment of meiosis ?the specialized cell division process that produces sperm and eggs ?enabling them to separate properly. The researchers, led by Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Angelika Amon, published their findings online May 3, 2006, in the journal Nature. Amon and...

Interfering RNA silences genes in 'slippery' immune cells

... expression vectors. Nucleofection technology uses specialized solutions and electrical pulses to temporarily open a cell nucleus. Into the nucleus, researchers insert a payload of DNA. The DNA holds a sequence of genetic code that produces a specific siRNA after it enters a nucleus. The researchers encased th...

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