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Tag: "specialized" at biology news

Researchers discover key to human embryonic stem-cell potential

...s of genes necessary for generating many different specialized cells and tissues. Thus, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog are master regulators, silencing genes that are waiting to create the next generation of cells. When Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog are inactivated as the embryo begins to develop, these networks then come to lif...

'License to kill' enables powerful immune attack cells in mice

...n, tolerance, instruction, selection--already have specialized meanings in immunology that really aren't appropriate for this unique process we've discovered," says Yokoyama, who is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator and chief of the Division of Rheumatology at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. "Many of these ...

DNA size a crucial factor in genetic mutations, study finds

...e to create a new base pair. DNA bases fit into a specialized site on the enzyme before they are bonded to the template. Kool wanted to see how the enzyme reacts if the bases are not the usual size. ''The idea was to see how DNA replication depends on size,'' Kool says. The researchers investigated it by offer...

Cracking the perception code

...t touching the skin with a vibrating object causes specialized sensory neurons in the brain to fire, and that firing of these neurons, which are found in a region of the brain known as the primary somatosensory cortex, is directly related to monkeys' ability to tell how fast something is vibrating, Romo said. Bu...

Plant genes identified that can form basis for crops better adapted to environmental conditions

...on of cell division, growth and differentiation. A specialized layer of cells in the root − the pericycle cells − must be activated to start dividing again. Therefore, it is also crucial that the cell cycle − the process that directs cell division − be under optimal control. Although the ...

A bug's life: Exceptional genomic stability yet rapid protein evolution in a carpenter ant mutualist

...noderms such as starfishes and sea urchins, and in specialized cells of insects such as aphids and tsetse flies. Many symbiotic relationships are obligate; neither the bacterium nor its host can live without the other. Wernegreen's group focused on the bacterium Blochmannia, which has lived inside Camponotus an...

Chernobyl: The true scale of the accident

...accident in history. The Forum is made up of 8 UN specialized agencies, including the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Offi...

Brains response to visual stimuli helps us to focus on what we should see, rather than all there is to see

...ts of neurons, and now we are uncovering how these specialized nerve cells work together and with other neurons,"...d out. The cortex is separated into large areas of specialized function, such as the motor and visual cortex, but is also organized on a finer scale into vertical ...

Regenerating worms help elucidate stem cell biology

...ls the ability of stem cells to differentiate into specialized cells. The gene encodes a protein that is most sim...the original, and one cell that can develop into a specialized cell to replace a lost cell elsewhere in the body. The researchers found that without piwi, the ...

Stem cells' electric abilities might help their safe clinical use

...ntially provide an unlimited supply of even highly specialized cells, such as brain and heart cells, for transpla...ty of transplanting unlimited supplies of healthy, specialized cells into damaged organs. "We do not want to be taking any chances of tumor formation. Based on ou...

A new link between stem cells and tumors

...tiating into more specific types, finally becoming specialized cells like neurons, blood, or muscle. As they diff...eins, in the area that will bud off and become the specialized cell. "This asymmetry provides the new cell with molecules it needs to launch new genetic programs ...

Why Christmas trees are not extinct

...to get around the problem. "The evolution of the specialized valve and the specialized conduit are both ways of achieving more efficient water transport within a tree," for conifers and f...

FSU biologists describe key role of signal-transcribing gene during cell cycle

...entional mitosis (replication and division) to the specialized endocycle, where cells cease division but still replicate their DNA. But if Notch-to-Cut communication and Cut transcription were dysfunctional, so, too, was the cell cycle. In that case, the essential switch from mitosis to the endocycle failed, re...

New study examines how sense of smell affects mating and aggression in mice

...y have thought rodents detect pheromones through a specialized organ--the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in the nose--that is separate from the main olfactory system. Pheromones are olfactory cues that signal the social and sexual status of individuals of a species, and their detection is a key step in regulating behav...

Penn study finds direct role for glial cells in brain cross-talk

...includes the brain and spinal cord, is composed of specialized cells called neurons that send out and receive chemical signals called neurotransmitters across a space called the synapse. This process results in transmission of a nerve impulse. Historically, the glial cell or astrocyte was considered to be a supp...

Scientists map one of biology's critical light-sensing structures

...far-red light. The light is actually detected by a specialized pigment that sits within a pocket on the protein. Red and far-red light, says Forest, have the effect of reversibly changing the structure of the pigment in the pocket, which then flips a switch on the protein to trigger the events of growth and deve...

PET imaging reveals the immune system at work

...se, the immune system deploys a complex network of specialized cells to defend the body. A malfunctioning immune system can cause such things as allergies, arthritis, cancer and AIDS as the body turns on itself. Current technology to assess immune response relies on invasive procedures such as biopsies to gathe...

Jefferson biologist coaxing human embryonic stem cells to make dopamine with simpler, faster method

...se, the immune system deploys a complex network of specialized cells to defend the body. A malfunctioning immune system can cause such things as allergies, arthritis, cancer and AIDS as the body turns on itself. Current technology to assess immune response relies on invasive procedures such as biopsies to gathe...

Fitting in: Newly evolved genes adopt a variety of strategies to remain in the gene pool

...regulatory functions, and 18 had evolved new, more specialized functions. Therefore, each of these mechanisms plays a substantial and important role in the maintenance of functional duplicates in the gene pool. ...

Olfactory system detects pheromones that control reproduction

...extbooks, detection of pheromones takes place in a specialized structure, called the vomeronasal organ (VNO). Although the VNO resides in the nasal cavity, the pheromone sensory system is distinct from the sense of smell, as are the chemical receptors involved. In animals possessing a pheromone sensory system --...

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