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Tag: "smaller" at biology news

Bacteria could steady buildings against earthquakes

...eJong said. Similar techniques have been used on a smaller scale, for example, to repair cracks in statues, but not to reinforce soil. The new method has several advantages, DeJong said. There are no toxicity problems, compared with chemical methods. The treatment could be done after construction or on an...

Meeting the ethanol challenge: Scientists use supercomputer to target cellulose bottleneck

...a molecular conveyor belt where it is chopped into smaller sugar pieces. "By learning how the cellulase enzyme complex breaks down cellulose we can develop protein engineering strategies to speed up this key reaction," said Mike Cleary, who is coordinating SDSC's role in the project. "This is important i...

Ladybugs may be cute, but watch out when they get near wine

... more vertical face with a less pronounced jaw and smaller teeth at least 300,000 years later than commonly believed, perhaps as recently as 1.6 million to one million years ago, when two later species, H. ergaster and H. erectus, lived. Dr. Bromage presented his findings today at the annual scientific sess...

Man's earliest direct ancestors looked more apelike than previously believed

... more vertical face with a less pronounced jaw and smaller teeth at least 300,000 years later than commonly believed, perhaps as recently as 1.6 million to one million years ago, when two later species, H. ergaster and H. erectus, lived. Dr. Bromage presented his findings today at the annual scientific sess...

Brown team finds crucial protein role in deadly prion spread

...rs of "bad" or infectious protein are smashed into smaller bits, a process that creates "seeds" so that prions multiply more quickly in the body. Hsp104, a molecule known to be required for prion replication, could function as this protein "crusher," Serio thought. To test these ideas, Serio and members o...

Fish can determine their social rank by observation alone, study finds

... the center of the tank. Surrounding him were five smaller compartments, each with a solitary male rival identified simply as A, B, C, D and E. Researchers made sure that the bystander had never met any of his five potential rivals. Although the bystander remained alone in his cubicle and never swam with...

Fish growth changes enhanced by climate change

... to reduced food availability and increased age or smaller size at sexual maturity. He said comparisons of historical and modern oceanographic data indicate temperature trends very similar to the apparent changes in growth rates. In the south west Pacific east of Tasmania sea surface temperatures have ri...

Nanoparticles can track cells deep within living organisms

...ure only about 200 nanometers across, or 500 times smaller than the width of a human hair ?are made up largely of perfluorocarbon, a safe compound used in artificial blood. The fluorine atoms in the particles can be detected by tuning an MRI scanner to the unique signal frequency emitted by the perfluorocarb...

Chemicals in brown algae may protect against skin cancer

...ses had tumors that were 34 percent and 40 percent smaller than those in animals exposed to UVB alone. Of tho...mals had tumors that were 27 percent to 43 percent smaller than animals exposed to UVB alone. In addition, the researchers compared the groups for skin lev...

New science of metagenomics 'will transform modern microbiology'

... databases that would inform investigators running smaller experiments. In addition, the large studies would provide the "big science" appeal that is often useful in igniting public interest. The metagenomics research community will include scientists funded by many government agencies working on many d...

Coated nanoparticles solve sticky drug-delivery problem

... did not stick to the mucus, they might have to be smaller than 55 nanometers wide to pass through the tiny o...oved through the mucus layer more quickly than the smaller ones (100 nanometers wide)." This has important implications, Hanes said, because a 500-nanometer...

Virtual duck bills demonstrate species coexistence

...with long lamellae are more efficient at selecting smaller food particles while ducks with short lamellae, like mallards, are more efficient at selecting larger particles." To test his idea, Gurd created virtual bills using computer software typically used by engineers to design complex machinery. "The so...

Vitamin D deficiency widespread during pregnancy

...ttsburgh School of Medicine. "But differences were smaller between seasons for African-American mothers and babies, whose vitamin D deficiency remained more constant." Since vitamin D is made by the body in reaction to sunlight exposure, it has long been known that vitamin D deficiency is more common amon...

Breathing easy: When it comes to oxygen, a bug's life is full of it

...cells form into trachea, and how trachea branch to smaller trachea and eventually connect to form the tracheal network. His laboratory, which has identified more than 50 genes controlling various aspects of airway development, has also studied how oxygen-starved cells behave in developing airways. Krasnow’s ...

New UD technology removes viruses from drinking water

...g water using current methods because they are far smaller than bacteria, highly mobile, and resistant to chlorination, which is the dominant disinfection method used in the United States, according to the researchers. Of all the inhabitants of the microbial world, viruses are the smallest--as tiny as 10 ...

Overfishing large sharks impacts entire marine ecosystem, shrinks shellfish supply

...ummeted, their elasmobranch prey—rays, skates, and smaller sharks—increased considerably, according to resear... effects of increases in the other ray, skate, and smaller shark species are unknown, but like the cownose ray, may also be cascading down to species lower in ...

U of M researchers invent 'flashy' new process to turn soy oil, glucose into hydrogen

... of fossil fuels and in reactors at least 10 times smaller than current models. The work could significantly improve the efficiency of fuel production from renewable energy sources. It will be published Nov. 3 in Science. "It's a way to take cheap, worthless biomass and turn it into useful fuels and chemica...

Penn researcher shows that DNA gets kinky easily at the nanoscale

... DNA over nano-size lengths (about a million times smaller than a printed letter). The findings, which appea...f five to 50 nanometers --- about a thousand times smaller than the diameter of a typical human cell. ''We found that DNA has different apparent properties w...

One-of-a-kind imaging probe reveals secrets useful for drug discovery

...ases. The challenge is to analyze material that is smaller than the proverbial gnat's eyelash. But using a r...l tool uses much stronger magnetic fields to study smaller samples, allowing scientists to study molecules atom by atom. But what made this particular method ...

With fruit fly sex, researchers find mind-body connection

Male fruit flies are smaller and darker than female flies. The hair-like bristles on their forelegs are shorter, thicker. Their sexual equipment, of course, is different, too. "Doublesex" is the gene largely responsible for these body differences. Doublesex, new research show...

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