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Tag: "slows" at biology news

Salty oceans provide early warning for climate change

...gardless of whether ocean circulation speeds up or slows down it causes significant climate change, altering the hydrological cycle and affecting atmospheric circulation patterns too. Currently there is no large-scale salt monitoring system in place in the southern hemisphere oceans. Zahn thinks that r...

It's never too late to get it back! Aging interrupted

...ace and repair damaged cells. This process usually slows down as we age, but low calorie diets make the body re-synthesise and turn over more cells ?a situation associated with youth and good health. Dr. Spindler and his colleagues used their screening method to search for drugs which cause pre-cancerous ...

Helium helps patients breathe easier

...these patients. Combining the helium and hyperoxia slows down the frequency of breathing while making the air easier to breathe. This combined effect reduces the amount of air trapped in the lungs during exercise. "This means they don't have to work as hard to breathe and they are not so short of breath...

Power-boosting signal in muscle declines with age

...that so-called AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) slows down in the skeletal muscle of 2-year-old rats relative to 3-month-old rats. A chief regulator of whole-body energy balance, AMPK in skeletal muscle stimulates the oxidation of fatty acids and the production, or biogenesis, of power-producing mitocho...

UCSD researchers discover variants of natural tumor suppressor

...aid Newton. "PHLPP is like a brake that, when on, slows the driver but when 'off' allows the driver to move. In cancer, we want the driver to brake, to prevent cell proliferation leading to tumor growth. But in diabetes, heart or neurological disease, where we want to promote cell growth and survival, w...

Enhancing activity of marijuana-like chemicals in brain helps treat

...y pathway in check. When they added a drug that slows the enzymatic breakdown of endocannabinoids in the brain - URB597, being developed by Kadmus Pharmaceuticals in Irvine, Calif. - the results were striking. "The dopamine drug alone did a little bit but it wasn't great, and the drug that targete...

3 proteins may play important role in nerve-cell repair

...sions. The study showed that blocking GPR3 greatly slows the growth of the nerve extensions. The researchers reversed this effect by restoring either GPR3 or GPR12 in the cells. High levels of the three proteins were also linked to higher levels of cAMP, with GPR6 and GPR12 increasing the level twofold...

Walking molecule now carries packages

... them along its straight path. "Carrying a load slows the molecule down" explained Bartels. "Attachment of one CO2 molecule makes the carrier need twice as much energy for a step, and a carrier with two CO2s requires roughly three times the energy. This is not unlike a human being carrying heavy loads i...

Why don't all moles progress to melanoma?

...sts call the unfolded protein response (UPR). This slows the protein production process and gets rid of excess incoming amino acids, giving the ER a chance to catch up. If that doesn't work, the UPR causes the cell to destroy itself in a process called apoptosis. "Traditionally, the ER's role was conside...

'Protecting virus' offers instant flu protection and converts flu infections into their own vaccines

...rowded out by the 'protecting virus'. This vastly slows the progress of the new infection, prevents flu symptoms, and gives the body time to develop an immune response to the harmful new invader. In effect the protecting virus converts the virulent virus into a harmless live vaccine. Research indicates...

Study IDs protein that inhibits HIV from growing in cell cultures

...t within a GBV-C viral protein called NS5A greatly slows down HIV from replicating in cells grown in labs. The study results will appear online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The finding builds on earlier VA and UI work showing that people with HIV who also are infecte...

Stem cell activity deciphered in the aging brain

... showed that the production of new neurons in rats slows down dramatically by middle age -- the equivalent of 50 years in humans. But scientists did not know what causes this decline. The common assumption had been that the brain drain was due to a decreasing supply of neural stem cells in the aging hi...

Study: Living coral reefs provide better protection from tsunami waves

...have rougher surfaces, which provide friction that slows the waves substantially in comparison with smoother, unhealthy ones," said Oppenheimer, the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Geosciences and International Affairs. "Scientists had never before studied this effect by the numbers, nor had they ever analy...

Restoring tamoxifen sensitivity in resistant breast cancer cells

...hat lead to cell division. Initially, tumor growth slows or stops altogether. With continued tamoxifen treatment, however, the estrogen receptor and the estrogen-dependent signaling pathways in the cell can become altered, rendering tamoxifen ineffective as an inhibitor. In some cases, tamoxifen begins to ...

New angiogenesis finding may help fight cancer growth

...receptor molecules that respond to VEGF. NK-B also slows the movement of endothelial cells, which is necessary to form new vessels, and raises the level of a newly discovered angiogenesis inhibitor. "It's premature to call it a master switch, but intriguingly, it regulates at least four different proces...

Cutting calories slightly can reduce aging damage

...e drastic 20 percent to 40 percent cut in calories slows aging damage. The UF findings indicate even small reductions in calories could have big effects on health and shed light on the molecular process responsible for the phenomenon, which until now has been poorly understood. "This finding suggests that...

Gut microbes' partnership helps body extract energy from food, store it as fat

...f polysaccharides. Accumulation of such byproducts slows polysaccharide digestion. Samuel and Gordon speculated that M. smithii could improve the overall efficiency of digestion of dietary polysaccharides, and wondered whether it also affected which types of polysaccharides are most coveted by intestinal b...

Honey helps problem wounds

...used to treat cancer known as cytostatics not only slows down the reproduction of malignant cells, but also impairs the healing process of wounds. 'Normally a skin injury heals in a week, with our children it often takes a month or more,' he says. Moreover, children with leukaemia have a weakened immune sy...

Science finds new fix for UV-damaged skin in arthritis treatment

...oration. Additionally, as skin ages, cell turnover slows down and melanin "dust" ?microscopic particles of melanin ?can become trapped in the upper layers of skin, resulting in a duller appearance. Researchers are familiar with these processes and that has helped them focus on substances - such as n-acet...

The critical importance of mangroves to ocean life

...e." Dittmar reports that the mangrove root system slows carbon-rich leaf litter running from continental land and allows it to settle into shallow sediment, where dissolved organic matter is leached in large quantities into the coastal waters. The daily rise and fall of the tides then flushes the dissolve...

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