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Tag: "single" at biology news

Meeting the ethanol challenge: Scientists use supercomputer to target cellulose bottleneck

...-- attaching to bundles of cellulose, pulling up a single strand of sugar, and putting it onto a molecular conveyor belt where it is chopped into smaller sugar pieces. "By learning how the cellulase enzyme complex breaks down cellulose we can develop protein engineering strategies to speed up this key r...

Targeting tumors the natural way

...lves binding agents that attach only weakly to any single target receptor, and thus stick to cells only when several receptors are displayed together. These weak "multivalent" interactions cut down on cases of mistaken identity, because if the agent contacts the wrong cell type, it can be easily displaced. ...

Morphine makes lasting -- and surprising -- change in the brain

Morphine, as little as a single dose, blocks the brain’s ability to strengthen con...blocked in the brains of rats given as little as a single dose of morphine. The drug’s impact was powerful: LTP continued to be blocked 24 hours later ?long a...

Thinking with the spinal cord?

... work as a whole in order to successfully create a single motion. The new research shows that even if we repeat a certain motion with high accuracy, the involved nerve cells never repeat their activity patterns. This particular observation reflects the organisation of the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex....

Ultrathin films deliver DNA as possible gene therapy tool

...roughly 10,000 of them to equal the thickness of a single sheet of paper. As it turns out, making the DNA-containing films is relatively straightforward, Lynn says, but "getting [the DNA] back out of the films is the hard part." The secret to films that release DNA is in the choice of the polymer and t...

'Terror bird' arrived in North America before land bridge, study finds

...n a man's. It is known in the fossil record from a single toe bone in Texas, and in Florida by about 40 bone fragments from different skeletal regions. MacFadden's team also analyzed six specimens from the Santa Fe River in north Central Florida. "We found that the Titanis fossils were 2 million years old...

Killing the messenger RNA -- But which one?

...ing with significant physiological consequences. A single substitution in their sequence can redirect these ...d that differ from the unedited versions by only a single nucleotide change," says Kazuko Nishikura, Ph.D., a professor in the Gene Expression and Regulation ...

Reminding doctors which antibiotics to prescribe cuts C. difficile infection rates

...n interrupted time series design, which includes a single group of study subjects assessed before an after an intervention (in this case a change to antibiotic prescribing policy). This design includes measurement of many different variables both before and after the intervention, including a set of "contro...

Brown team finds crucial protein role in deadly prion spread

A single protein plays a major role in deadly prion diseases by smashing up clusters of these infectious proteins, creating the "seeds" that allow fatal brain illnesses to quickly spread, new Brown University research shows. The findings are exciting, resear...

New nanotechnology able to examine single molecules, aiding in determining gene expression

A new nanotechnology that can examine single molecules in order to determine gene expression, p... the way for scientists to more accurately examine single cancer cells, has been developed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers at UCLA's California N...

Fruit fly gene research may shed light on human disease processes

...osome means it will be male." A chromosome is a single DNA molecule that may contain different units of inheritance called genes, along with proteins that help to activate these genes under certain conditions. Even though it is the presence or absence of the human Y chromosome that directs sex develo...

Stem cell therapy shows promise in regenerating damaged muscle in heart attack patients

... grown in culture to very high numbers, allowing a single donor's cells to treat thousands of patients. "The cells have the ability to expand, or multiply, under controlled conditions, and the expanded cells have the ability to develop into different types of cells in the appropriate environment. One donati...

Genes and genius: Researchers confirm association between gene and intelligence

...tions in the gene appear to influence IQ. But this single gene isn't going to be the difference between whet...M2 gene. In 2003, a group in Minnesota looked at a single marker in the gene and noted that the variation was related to an increase in IQ. A more recent Dutc...

Major link in brain-obesity puzzle found

A single protein in brain cells may act as a linchpin in the body’s weight-regulating system, playing a key role in the flurry of signals that govern fat storage, sugar use, energy balance and weight, University of Michigan Medical School researchers report. ...

Cholera pathogen reveals how bacteria generate energy to live

... water-soluble and oil-soluble components within a single entity, so it can’t hold its shape in any one solvent. Using a stepwise process, Barquera attached labels at significant points along the length of the protein and then determined whether these labels appeared inside or outside the envelope of t...

Music genes and musical geniuses

...? The idea of combining music and genetics in a single event grew up within the European Genetics Foundat...teresting to gather musicians and researchers in a single event, to offer meetings and debates as well as entertainment to the general audience? Each partic...

Does evolution select for faster evolvers?

...ions respond to point mutations ?random changes in single nucleotides on the DNA chain, or genome. A few theories have focused on recombination ?the process that occurs in sexual selection when the genetic sequences of parents are recombined. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a cross-species form of gene...

New UD technology removes viruses from drinking water

...um would be the size of the pitcher's mound, and a single cell in your body would be the size of a ballpark. "By using elemental iron in the filtration process, we were able to remove viral agents from drinking water at very high efficiencies. Of a quarter of a million particles going in, only a few were...

Ape gestures offer clues to the evolution of human communication

...y, serve a more adaptable function. For example, a single gesture may communicate an entirely different message depending upon the social context in which it is used. "A chimpanzee may stretch out an open hand to another as a signal for support, whereas the same gesture toward a possessor of food signal...

Research project tackles 'regeneration' gap

...while other related animals are not. Even within a single organism, we find that some tissues have a far more robust ability to replenish and replace cells than others. Yet we do not understand the bases for these differences." The Regeneration Project will shortly begin establishing its think tank of in...

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