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Tag: "signals" at biology news

Life-extending protein keeps blood sugar in check

...n blood glucose and converts that information into signals that increase the secretion of insulin, Imai explained. Insulin produced by the pancreas allows cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream and burn it for energy. A failure to make or respond to insulin in people with diabetes causes blood sugar l...

'Underground' tunnels discovered as means for communication between immune system cells

...'s hidden pneumatic tube system, are used to shoot signals to distant cells. This surprising discovery, being...mmune system cells are using it to relay molecular signals to one another," said Dr. Watkins, professor and vice chair, department of cell biology and physiolo...

Sea Ice May Be on Increase in the Antarctic

...n blood glucose and converts that information into signals that increase the secretion of insulin, Imai explained. Insulin produced by the pancreas allows cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream and burn it for energy. A failure to make or respond to insulin in people with diabetes causes blood sugar l...

Two designer drugs hit same lung cancer target, but only one is effective

...iveness. Erbitux is an effective inhibitor of EGFR signals in colorectal cancer, which involves a normal, not...all-cell type, and colorectal cancer, the abnormal signals are generated by a normal EGFR molecule. In a small percentage of patients with non-small-cell lung ...

Weight control protein may yield antiobesity drugs

.... Produced by fat tissue, the leptin hormone sends signals to the brain about the body's fat content. That si...ntegrates neuronal, hormonal, and nutrient-related signals to maintain body weight, he explained. Leptin is a hormone produced by fat that normally decreases ...

Scientists uncover new clues about brain function in human behavior

...es are known to be highly socially relevant danger signals that strongly activate the amygdala. The fMRI showed considerably less activation of the amygdala in participants with Williams Syndrome than in the healthy volunteers (see graphic below). These findings suggest that reduced danger signaling by the a...

Gene for immune deficiency syndromes found

...noglobulins like IgA and IgG. More important, TACI signals B cells to produce antibodies with a high affinity for specific attackers. Because TACI mutations are dominant, people with even one copy of the mutation will be unable to mount a strong antibody response. "A test for TACI would allow for diagnosis ...

Study uncovers dirty little secret: Soil emissions are much-bigger-than-expected component of air pollution

...t the satellite also picks up other nitrogen oxide signals not attributable to fuel combustion or burning, and those emissions must come from soil, Jaeglé said. "We were really amazed that we could see it from space, but because the pulse is so big the satellite can see it," she said. Soil emissions are se...

Protein amplification in melanoma is possible drug target

...noglobulins like IgA and IgG. More important, TACI signals B cells to produce antibodies with a high affinity for specific attackers. Because TACI mutations are dominant, people with even one copy of the mutation will be unable to mount a strong antibody response. "A test for TACI would allow for diagnosis ...

Gradient guides nerve growth down spinal cord

The same family of chemical signals that attracts developing sensory nerves up the spi... bearing specific receptors, which detect chemical signals and then grow toward or away from the source. In 2003, University of Chicago researchers reported t...

Scientists create digital bacteria to forge advances in biomedical research

...chemotaxis system, which transmits the biochemical signals responsible for cellular locomotion. They also have flagella, the whiplike appendages that cells use for propulsion, and the motors to drive them. Emonet and his associates have designed their digital bacterial system in modules, so that additional ...

Computer modeling reveals hidden conversations within cells

...elephone transmits an infinite number of different signals along a single wire, it is the timing of the proteins' activity that allows them to exert intricate control over the behavior of a cell. The computer model reveals the hidden conversations in the cell's wiring." The researchers attribute their succ...

Scientists use gene transfer technology and common virus to block neuropathic pain in animals

... neurons that transmit pain, temperature and touch signals to and from the brain. Now, scientists at the VA ...n Medical School have developed a way to block the signals responsible for neuropathic pain. The secret to their success is based on a virus called herpes simp...

Retina adapts to seek the unexpected, ignore the commonplace

...levant to behavior. This entails the discarding of signals that are less useful, and dynamic retinal adaptati...ments. Meister and his co-authors examined neural signals in retinal ganglion cells, which convey visual images from the eye to the brain. These cells general...

Molecular mechanism of feather formation found

...its own expression and that of Bmp2, and Bmp2 then signals the down-regulation of Shh expression. This dynamic signaling interaction fits a longstanding mathematical model known as an activator-inhibitor mechanism, says lead author Matthew P. Harris, Fallon's graduate student now doing a postdoctoral fellows...

Making plant cells work like miniature factories

... current. Finally, the magnitude of the electrical signals is recorded and plotted as a mass spectrum. The ability to sort and detect these ions at cellular-scale quantities is where the team hopes to fine-tune the instrumentation. Once the equipment is ready, the team will look at the chemical content in ...

Scientists use gene transfer technology and common virus to block neuropathic pain

... neurons that transmit pain, temperature and touch signals to and from the brain. Now, scientists at the VA ...n Medical School have developed a way to block the signals responsible for neuropathic pain. The secret to their success is based on a virus called herpes simp...

Plants discriminate between self and non self

...ased on internal pulsing of hormonal or electrical signals which desynchronize when the plants are separated." Falik is currently working with Dr. David Eissenstat, professor of woody plant physiology and Dr. Roger Koide, professor of horticultural ecology on examining how the latitude of a plants origin af...

Prozac for future Plants on Mars

...ased on internal pulsing of hormonal or electrical signals which desynchronize when the plants are separated." Falik is currently working with Dr. David Eissenstat, professor of woody plant physiology and Dr. Roger Koide, professor of horticultural ecology on examining how the latitude of a plants origin af...

How fish hear and make sounds at same time

...." The researchers found that as the fish's brain signals vocal muscles to make sound, a number of synchronized actions take place. The ear and brain are cued to the exact timing of a self-generated sound, distinguishing it from outside sounds. Just prior to a voicing, the brain warns the ear it should beco...

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