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Tag: "signal" at biology news

Basic research leads to a novel cancer therapy

...ses. They are responsible for causing the received signal to be transduced through a long signalling cascade...Therapy with multi-targeted substances which block signal transduction in tumour cells is a new breakthrough in the war on cancer. They attack critical cancer...

Scientists develop a way to make the deadliest toxin known even more toxic

... those that regulate breathing. Blocking the nerve signal results in paralysis and, unless treated quickly, death. A lethal dose is small--eight tenths of an inhaled microgram for a 175-pound person. Because of its highly potent neurotoxic activity, Janda added, the use of BoNT is also of substantial glob...

Wound monitor 'sniffs out' infections

...e to detect harmful bacteria in the air, which may signal the first signs of infection. When bacteria metabolises inside a wound molecules of that bacteria are emitted into the air. Current methods rely on medical staff taking swabs from a wound and testing them in a lab, which can take several days. Pro...

Research details how a virus hijacks cell signals to cause infection

...s two signals that open the door to infection. One signal causes the virus to move into the tight junction, where it can reach the CAR. A second signal leads the virus to move deeper into cells where it can release its nucleic acid payload and complete...

Oops! Researchers publish new findings on the brain's response to costly mistakes

...ith epilepsy or sleep problems, but the electrical signal from the brain is processed in a different way. In prior studies, Gehring and his colleagues observed a distinct brain electrical response to errors, dubbing it ERN for "error-related negativity." Using ERP, Gehring and his colleagues localized the ...

Novel method reveals how menthol discovery could point towards new or improved pain therapies

...nflux of calcium ions into the axon, an electrical signal that alerts the neuron, which relays the message to the brain. Research Associate Michael Bandell, the lead author of the study, noted, "It's a well established method to mutate individual amino acid residues in an ion channel protein and examine th...

Sex: It's costly but worth it. Just ask a microbe

...nd the other partner gets distracted by the mating signal and loses interest in reproducing on its own." The irony is that despite the high cost of sex there are benefits. "In many microbes, mating and sexual reproduction produce genetically diverse and hardy progeny better able to withstand environmenta...

Worm hormone discovery may aid fight against parasitic disease

...duce. When the researchers blocked that hormonal signal by engineering mutant worms that couldn't manufacture the ligand, however, the mutants' development stopped before they reached maturity. Instead, the worms went into a "resting" stage called the dauer diapause, in which they don't eat or reproduce. ...

Tumor cells that border normal tissue are told to leave

...became "unglued." In addition, this change sent a signal that activated several other proteins in the tumor cell, one of which was an enzyme that dissolves the matrix surrounding cells. This enzyme makes it possible for a cell to move through tissues. "Even though all the cells in the tumors we created we...

Face perception is modulated by sexual orientation

...: for example, an attractive opposite-sex face may signal that a potential sexual partner has a healthy genotype, but an attractive, same-sex face cannot indicate such reproductive benefits. The orbitofrontal cortex could therefore mediate the evolutionary, adaptive value of attractive, opposite-sex faces, ...

UF scientists trace origin of shark's electric sense

...enerated by a muscle twitch, even if it's the weak signal of a flounder buried under sand." Likewise, sharks are widely thought to use the Earth's magnetic field for navigation, enabling them to swim in precise paths across large expanses of featureless ocean, Cohn said. "If you think of this in the big p...

'Shuttling' protein possibly key to resilience of cancer cells

...nucleus, forming a heterodimer, the nuclear export signal is blocked, preventing ATF2 from traveling from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Researchers had already known that chemotherapy and radiation cause cancer cells to increase production of ATF2. The Purdue researchers found that "overexpressed," or over...

A Jekyll and Hyde of cytokines: IL-25 both promotes and limits inflammatory diseases

The same signal responsible for promoting the type of immune responses that cause asthma and allergy can also limit the type of inflammation associated with debilitating diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis and multiple sclerosis, according to researc...

Protein receptor cools passion of 'kiss and run' nerve cells

...ivate the next step in a chain of events that move signal information through the nerve cell. Alford's lab previously discovered that the beta-gamma subunit affects the molecular machinery that causes release of neurotransmitter -- the amino acid glutamate. "It's very fast," said Alford. "You turn on a G ...

Aging cells, aging body: Fresh evidence for a connection

...of six biomarkers, or biological "red flags," that signal cellular aging. For replicative senescence, the most important biomarker is telomere dysfunction-induced foci, or TIFs. Presence of these structures signals that the protective chromosome caps called telomeres have dwindled enough to halt cell divisi...

The first baby boom

... Etudes en Sciences Sociales, France) writes, "The signal of a demographic change we detected ?is characterized by an abrupt 20 to 30 percent increase, over 500 to 700 years, in the proportion of immature skeletons." While prior research has been done on the Neolithic Demographic Transition, as the increas...

Possible brain hormone may unlock mystery of hibernation

... hormone would represent the first essential brain signal governing the seasonal adaptation, according to the researchers. As hibernation factors endow animals with an incredible ability to cope under otherwise lethal conditions--ratcheting down their metabolic rate to survive on limited energy reserves an...

New weapon in battle against osteoporosis

...tors on their surface. In this way it appears that signal molecules like the endocannabinoids being formed by the body are able to regulate bone growth. This thesis has been supported by experiments on mice whose ovaries were removed. The resulting oestrogen deficiency would normally lead to a depletion of...

Nanopore method could revolutionize genome sequencing

... the DNA strand introduced too much noise into the signal being recorded. The new idea takes advantage of the electric field that drives the current perpendicular to the DNA strand to reduce the structural fluctuations of DNA while it moves through the pore, thus minimizing the noise. "If nature was very ...

UCR researchers design chip that can improve citrus varieties

...hip. The locations of the bound RNA have a visible signal because of the tag, rather like bright and dim pixels on a computer screen. Analysis of which pieces of DNA on the chip have signals indicates which genes are expressed in the tissue. The chip is the first commercial citrus microarray and allows an...

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