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Researchers identify molecular anchor that allows bacterial invasion of central nervous system

...tococcus bacteria containing iagA died within days showing evidence of bacterial meningitis. In contrast, most of the mice survived when infected with bacteria missing the single iagA gene," Doran said. "Blocking the anchoring of LTA on the bacterial cell surface could become new a therapeutic target for p...

Viagra's hidden help for wildlife

...nsistent with previous research by the von Hippels showing evidence of a post-Viagra decline during the 1990s in the harvesting of three species used in TCM impotence treatments. The pair attributed some of this decline to Viagra, despite scepticism among many academics and wildlife experts. In 2002, th...

Scientists use stem cells to grow cartilage

...the cells were found to have formed new cartilage, showing they can be successfully transplanted in living tissue. The scientists also believe this technique could be used in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. When removing head and neck cancers, surgeons often have to cut away parts of cartilage, and th...

Older female fish prefer imperfect male mates, study finds

...dings are the first to contradict previous studies showing that females tend to prefer males with symmetrical markings, which in this case are black bars on each side of the body. Scientists have suggested that symmetrical markings are a sign of genetic fitness. The new study provides evidence that visual c...

Sperm stem cells closer to being like embryonic stem cells

.... Recently another research team published results showing that mouse male germ stem cells could be made to exhibit pluripotent characteristics, but those findings have yet to be repeated. Ordinarily, when germ stem cells divide into two cells, one "daughter" cell differentiates to become a sperm while the...

Penicillin, amoxicillin: Step aside for strep throat treatment

...s Michael Pichichero, M.D., and Janet Casey, M.D., showing that more children who receive the older drugs relapse, prolonging their illness and forcing doctors to turn to even stronger drugs. Yet, said Pichichero, doctors across the land continue to prescribe ineffective medications. Studies have shown that ...

New brain scan technology could save babies' lives

...nique called optical tomography to generate images showing how the brain is working. In optical tomography, light passes through body tissue and is then analysed by computer to provide information about the tissue. A helmet incorporating 32 light detectors and 32 sources of completely safe, low-intensity l...

Sahara's edge studied from ground, air and space to improve water management

...oducts, demonstrating future development lines and showing the potential of new sensors." At the same time as the Dornier was flying out of Tunisia's Djerba International Airport, Tunisian and European participants on the ground gathered information including the size and position of fields, local topograp...

Johns Hopkins flu expert calls for mandatory vaccination of health care workers

... worker vaccination programs, is based on research showing that despite free and ready access to the vaccine, only 40 percent of all health care workers actually get a flu shot. "We have gone as far as possible with vaccination programs emphasizing education and health promotion," says Perl, an associate pr...

What can change in the brain? Electrical synapses, research shows

...ood. Last year, the Connors lab published research showing that electrical synapses help set the brain's master circadian clock. ...

Research: Snails were overlooked contributors to marsh destruction

...ls. "This study adds to a growing body of evidence showing strong top-down regulation of ecosystems processes, including sharks in the Gulf of Mexico and wolves in Yellowstone Park," Silliman said. Native and abundant, dime- to quarter-sized periwinkle snails can often be seen hanging on cordgrass above th...

RNA splicing occurs in nerve-cell dendrites

... from this RNA. The Eberwine lab was successful in showing that splicing can occur in dendrites because they ...ein in single isolated dendrites. "In addition to showing that mRNA splicing occurs in dendrites in which we added mRNA, we also detected the resulting protei...

Mapping alcohol brain damage

...rray computer produces about 50,000 coloured spots showing which genes are expressed or switched on in the sample. "What we're trying to find out is, what's different in the superior frontal cortex [front of brain] when you compare alcoholics with controls, that's not different in a spared area of the brai...

Forgotten by evolution?

...evolutionary stages. Indeed, these cells are still showing plasticity which is a characteristic of stem cells, but no direct physiological function can be deduced from it. ...

UCLA scientists discover immune response to HIV differs, even in identical twins

... receptors (TCR) reacted differently in each twin, showing that the body's defense response was random--and unpredictable. TCRs play an important role in the immune system by binding viruses and other antigens to receptors on their surface, killing the invader. HIV escapes this action by changing shape so...

Cortex matures faster in youth with highest IQ

...ndings from functional magnetic resonance imaging, showing that levels of activation in prefrontal areas correlates with IQ, note the researchers. They suggest that the prolonged thickening of prefrontal cortex in children with superior IQs might reflect an "extended critical period for development of high-l...

Picking apart how neurons learn

...s, AMPA receptors are removed and LTD is restored, showing that PICK1 is necessary for LTD. Mice lacking the part of the AMPA receptor thought to physically interact with PICK1 also do not establish LTD. This result confirms that PICK1 must physically touch the AMPA receptor for LTD to occur. The second ...

Tiny polyps gorge themselves to survive coral bleaching

...ain species of coral have surprised researchers by showing an unexpectedly successful approach towards survival when seriously bleached. Their innovative strategy is gluttony. The discovery, derived from experiments on coral reefs in Hawaii , provides new insights into how these tiny animals face a multi...

'Bad' enzymes may wear white hats after stroke

...at surrounds and supports cells. Newer research is showing that MMPs may also contribute to blood vessel growth, as well as the death, proliferation, differentiation, and movement of cells. Sophia Wang, who was a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) medical student fellow at Harvard Medical School, is sec...

Pleasing plant shapes explained by new computer model

...he microscopic scale, simulating cell division and showing how concentrations of the fundamental plant growth hormone auxin appear at regularly-spaced intervals. This creates the striking spiral patterns of seeds observed in sunflowers, daisies, and many other plants. Other patterns, such as branching at ri...

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