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Tag: "shared" at biology news

Multi-species genome comparison sheds new light on evolutionary processes, cancer mutations

... massive comet or asteroid striking Earth, mammals shared fairly similar body plans and also fairly similar genomes. Researchers speculate that the mass extinction opened new ecological niches for mammals, spurring their diversification and the emergence of new mammalian orders. This situation would have fa...

Researchers feed tiny pills of RNA to planarians to identify genes essential for regeneration

...enced. About 85 percent (204) of the 240 genes are shared by the genomes of other species, including humans, according to Sánchez Alvarado. The researchers found that 145 of the silenced genes affect both regeneration and tissue loss and replacement. Some of the genes were essential to homeostasis, but not...

Scientists find microRNAs regulate plant development

...microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is shared among many eukaryotes. Arabidopsis ago1 mutants lacking the AGO1 protein have numerous severe developmental defects, supporting the notion that regulation by microRNAs is critical for normal plant growth. Dr. Catherine Bellini at The Swedish Universi...

Big differences in duplicated DNA distinguish chimp and human genomes

...to other differences, researchers found that among shared segmental duplications, humans often had fewer copies of those segments than chimps. The most dramatic example involved a piece of DNA near the site of an ancient chromosome fusion point on chromosome 2. In humans, this piece of DNA is represented as...

Bioinformatics reveals new gene regulation system

...tern, and it represented a family of proteins that shared traits of transcription factors. To strengthen the prediction that these proteins were the transcription factors that bind the NrdR-box, the team used another comparative genomic tool called positional clustering. Positional clustering takes advanta...

Where Bacteria Get Their Genes

...mma-Proteobacteria's approximately 7,205 genes are shared by all species. The vast majority of genes found in the group comes from lateral gene transfer. "Most of these occur in one or a few species only," Ochman said. "But these are the genes that make bacteria different from each other." Most commonly, g...

Ancient DNA helps clarify the origins of two extinct New World horse species

...ad just converged morphologically, probably due to shared environments," Cooper explains. The study also suggests that all the North American caballines--traditionally classified as multiple species based on their diverse size--belong to the same species. Thus, only two horse lineages lived in North Americ...

Hopkins AIDS experts issue warning about global efforts to provide drug therapies

... reviewed four major developments in medicine that shared the issues confronting distribution of antiretroviral therapies. The first two pivotal events were advances to treat if not cure then-fatal diseases: the discovery of insulin for diabetes in 1922 and the mass distribution of the antibiotic penicilli...

Survey reveals women and doctors aren't talking about HPV

...of both women and providers, focusing on informed, shared decision-making." Survey Methodology A survey, fielded by Greenberg, Quinlan, Rosner Research Inc., was conducted among 1,000 women between the ages of 18 and 65 from February 11 - 16, 2005. A single-stage random-digit-dial sample representative of...

Experiment station researchers to explore genome of disease-fighting fungus

...fic community," noting all of the analysis will be shared with other scientists to further other projects. "Texas A&M researchers will have priority in annotating the sequence and publishing the findings," Ebbole said. The project is one of 40 new genome projects announced Thursday by the Department o...

Chimp genome reveals a retroviral invasion

...ound that few if any of these insertion sites were shared among the primates. It appears therefore that the sequences have not been conserved from a common ancestor, but are specific to each lineage. PTERV1 contains three structural genes -- gag, pol, and env -- and regulatory sequences called long termina...

NHGRI targets 12 more organisms for genome sequencing

... Kandel, M.D., of Columbia University in New York, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work elucidating how memories are formed in the human brain using Aplysia as a model. The disease-carrying insect, Rhodnius prolixus, spreads Chagas' disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi...

Where bacteria get their genes

...mma-Proteobacteria's approximately 7,205 genes are shared by all species. The vast majority of genes found in the group comes from lateral gene transfer. "Most of these occur in one or a few species only," Ochman said. "But these are the genes that make bacteria different from each other." Most commonly, g...

'Smart drug' targets deadly brain cancer

.... Patients most likely to respond well to the drug shared a common feature -- activation of a specific tumor protein, p70s6 kinase, which is closely associated with the drug target molecule. Knowing that this protein is a key player in the chain of events that determines drug activity could be useful in sc...

Stanford gut check shows diversity of intestinal ecosystem

...e that compares the genetic sequence of a molecule shared by bacteria and archaea. The molecule, 16S rRNA, plays a role in the translation of the genetic code and thus is critical to the organisms. However, small variations in the 16S rRNA gene sequences allow scientists to detect distinct bacteria. For ea...

Researchers find new giant amphibian fossils in Africa

...letely different from those in Niger. We think the shared temperate climates of these other communities may have forced them to evolve independently and in relative isolation from the Niger fauna." The two species of amphibians discovered are similar to crocodiles in shape. Nigerpeton ricglesi had rounded ...

The lopsided brain: Attention bias is shared by humans and birds

...t pseudoneglect is not restricted to humans but is shared by birds, suggesting not only that brain structures thought to play a requisite role in pseudoneglect may not actually be essential for this phenomenon, but also that pseudoneglect may reflect evolutionary adaptations that allow animals to devote att...

Genpathway and Baylor College of Medicine Identify New Genes in Breast Cancer

...stdoctoral fellows Zhihua Zou and Fusheng Li. Buck shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with HHMI investigator Richard Axel of Columbia University for their discovery of the huge family of odorant receptors and their previous work on the organization of the olfactory system. Whenever you i...

Decoding the logic of olfaction

...stdoctoral fellows Zhihua Zou and Fusheng Li. Buck shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with HHMI investigator Richard Axel of Columbia University for their discovery of the huge family of odorant receptors and their previous work on the organization of the olfactory system. Whenever you i...

Super predators and mass extinctions

...o account for the effects of limited living spaces shared by a large number of different species. A. Lipowski Phys. Rev. E 71, 052902 (2005), 20 May 2005 http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v71/e052902 ...

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