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Tag: "settings" at biology news

Male circumcision reduces risk of HIV transmission from women to men

...esults may help explain the rapid spread of HIV in settings wherecircumcision is not common and multiple sexual partnerships are. Between1993 and 1997, 745 male employees of trucking companies based inMombasa, Kenya were followed for the study. Initially they wereevaluated for circumcision status and HIV-neg...

Boosting HIV screening can increase survival and is cost effective

...abetes and hypertension. Paltiel said that even in settings with HIV infection levels similar to the U.S. general population, one-time screening could deliver excellent return on investment. "HIV is a severe disease that, left untreated, produces substantial morbidity and mortality," said Paltiel. "It has a ...

Doctors closer to using gene analysis to help trauma patients

...sistently in a wide range of experimental clinical settings ?an important hurdle to overcome before the method is routinely used in emergency rooms and intensive care units. In a report published today (March 7) in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from eight institutions, incl...

Science study holds implications for gene therapy and stem cell biology

...ve mostly been tested experimentally in laboratory settings but are also being tested in well-controlled clinical trials to treat severe inborn diseases or cancer in humans. Retrovirus-based gene transfer vectors are partially defective retroviruses that integrate into the genome of a cell, thus potentially ...

Insects, viruses could hold key for better human teamwork in disasters

...ill coordinate knowledge sharing in chaotic social settings where a small set of rules applied to local information drives decision-making," Hollingshead said. Put another way, while individual honeybees process only "partial and local information," they are able, through interactions with each other, to pro...

$5.1 billion would save 6 million children

...entions that are feasible to deliver in low-income settings to children younger than age 5 years, this is the first time the global cost of implementing child survival programs could be estimated. The study is published in the June 25, 2005, issue of The Lancet. "Achieving the Millennium Development Goal for...

Antiretroviral Therapy May Prevent HIV Transmission From Breastfeeding Mothers To Infants

... and health policy. In the United States and other settings where HIV-infected mothers can safely avoid breastfeeding, the rate of mother-to-child transmission can be reduced to 1 percent or less. The goal in resource-limited settings, where HIV-infected women may by necessity opt to breastfeed, is to achieve...

Scalpel-free surgery could reduce risk of HIV and hepatitis exposure for health care workers

...ng these techniques whenever possible in high-risk settings to further protect health care workers from accidental transmission," added Makary. Sharpless surgical techniques include laparoscopy, electrocautery to replace scalpel incisions, and skin clips or glue instead of sewing to close or repair wounds. ...

Researchers seek to discover what really happens when a virus enters the body

...eir techniques could be used in clinical and field settings to quickly identify known viruses, or to map unknown viruses to existing profiles to better predict their behavior and start appropriate treatment. Ultimately, their work should contribute to what starts an immune response. And as NIH's Matzinger s...

Discovering an ecosystem beneath a collapsed Antarctic ice shelf

...sea environments in the poles and in other glacial settings such as Lake Vostok, also in the Antarctic, to further explore the little-understood connection where ice sheets, the seafloor, and circulating water meet. The researchers indicate that the knowledge gained from any subsequent studies could enhance t...

Primate virus jumps species barrier to humans for first time in Asia

...t of contact between humans and primates in temple settings dwarfs the contact due to bushmeat hunting," says Jones-Engel. For this study, the researchers tested blood samples from 82 people who work in or around a temple in Bali, as well as samples from macaques in the area. They found antibodies for simian ...

Device traps, disables harmful bacteria

...ious and toxic diseases. Today there are increased settings where people gather and can be affected by such bioaerosols. Among these "high-exposure environments" are correctional facilities, homeless shelters, healthcare facilities, and public transit systems. Additionally, the advent of hot tubs, hospital th...

New tools used to control foodborne hepatitis A outbreaks related to green onions

...l with hepatitis A virus infection in non-outbreak settings in the United States and Mexico. Viral RNA sequences from patients in the three states, plus patients involved in a subsequent outbreak in Pennsylvania in October 2003 (the latter recently described in the Sept. 1 issue of the New England Journal o...

Use of Antibiotics for Acne May Increase Risk of Common Illness

...l with hepatitis A virus infection in non-outbreak settings in the United States and Mexico. Viral RNA sequences from patients in the three states, plus patients involved in a subsequent outbreak in Pennsylvania in October 2003 (the latter recently described in the Sept. 1 issue of the New England Journal o...

Large-scale Computer Simulations Reveal New Insights Into Antibiotic Resistance

...l with hepatitis A virus infection in non-outbreak settings in the United States and Mexico. Viral RNA sequences from patients in the three states, plus patients involved in a subsequent outbreak in Pennsylvania in October 2003 (the latter recently described in the Sept. 1 issue of the New England Journal o...

Disrupting Cocaine-memories To Battle Addiction

...l with hepatitis A virus infection in non-outbreak settings in the United States and Mexico. Viral RNA sequences from patients in the three states, plus patients involved in a subsequent outbreak in Pennsylvania in October 2003 (the latter recently described in the Sept. 1 issue of the New England Journal o...

Preventing a pandemic: Study suggests strategies for containing a flu outbreak

...roups, schools, workplaces, and a hospital. Social settings for casual contacts, such as might take place in markets, shops, and temples, were also included. Using the model, the researchers analyzed how the disease, starting with a single case, would spread through the population in a variety of different s...

Emerging staph strains found to be increasingly deadly and deceptive

...unity." S. aureus strains acquired in health-care settings can be challenging to resolve because of antibiotic resistance, which limits the choices for treatment. But the situation can become more serious with the newer community-acquired strains, says Dr. DeLeo. "We do not know why cases of community-acquir...

Past illegal blood donation in China linked to hepatitis C virus infection

...990s, blood collection and banking methods in such settings still need to be monitored and improved, the article noted. Researchers from the United States and China, including Han-zhu Qian, MD, PhD, of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, conducted a survey in 2003 among a random sample of 538 adult resi...

2005 AIDS figures released by WHO and UNAIDS

...ows how sustained, intensive programmes in diverse settings have helped bring about decreases in HIV incidence—among young people in Uganda and Tanzania, among sex workers and their clients in Thailand and India, and among injecting drug users in Spain and Brazil. The report notes that, without HIV preventio...

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