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Tag: "rules" at biology news

How many genes does it take to learn? Lessons from sea slugs

... helps us learn the molecular grammar, or a set of rules that can control orchestrated activity of multiple genes in specific neurons. If we are going to understand memory or neurological disease at the cellular level, we need to understand the rules." Scientists also analyzed 146 human genes implicated...

Innovative movies show real-time immune-cell activity within tumors

...e new study. "This has enabled us to delineate the rules of T cell migration and engagement directly within the intricate microenvironment of tumors." The scientists used a leading-edge instrument called a two-photon microscope, able to peer inside living tissues. The microscope tracked and recorded the ...

Controlling antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in hospitals

... to prescribing antibiotics such as start and stop rules and how to use the best drug," said Dr. Doebbeling. Prescription of antibiotics fall into three categories (1) preventive, often administered before or during surgery; (2) empiric - prescribed before the physician knows the specific nature of the ...

Mysterious 'neural noise' actually primes brain for peak performance

...pute it. Anyone familiar with log tables and slide rules knows that while multiplying large numbers is difficult, adding them with log tables is relatively undemanding. The brain is apparently designed in a similar manner--"coding" the possibilities it encounters into a format that makes it tremendously ...

RNA map provides first comprehensive understanding of alternative splicing

... in a Nova-dependent way. Of those, all 30 fit the rules of the RNA map. "In other words, every transcript that we could predict as a Nova-regulated alternatively spliced RNA fit the prediction of this map," says Darnell. "Half of them were inhibited by Nova and half were enhanced in their exon use by ...

Proteins necessary for brain development found to be critical for long-term memory

...havior. "It is a striking example of how molecular rules employed in building a brain are often reused for different purposes throughout a lifetime." The researchers have shown that proteins known as growth factors are as essential for the induction of long-term memory as they are for the development of ...

Peering into the shadow world of RNA

...ol everything of importance in biology. The genome rules all of life, it is thought. Increasingly, however, scientists are realizing that among the diverse forms of RNA, a kind of mirror molecule derived from DNA, many interact with each other and with genes directly to manage the genome from behind the s...

Uncovering DNA's 'sweet' secret

...nds. "In homo-DNA, the Watson-Crick base pairing rules are changed," Eglisaid. "For example, G:C is similar to G:G or A:A, so you have a much more versatile pairing system in homo-DNA. Therefore, the nature of the sugar in the backbone affects the pairing rules." But despite homo-DNA's apparent versati...

Re-analysis of cigarettes confirms tobacco companies increased addictive nicotine 11 percent

...his abuse and bring the tobacco industry under the rules that regulate other manufacturers of drugs." Beginning in 1997, Massachusetts regulations have required an annual report to be filed with the MDPH by all manufacturers of cigarettes sold in Massachusetts. The reported data include machine-based me...

University of Alberta researchers unravel intricate animal patterns

... patterns could not be connected clearly to simple rules for the small scale communication between individu... show that very simple and straightforward sets of rules can produce the complex kinds of patterns seen in nature," says Lewis, also from the Department of B...

Iowa State University botanists identify new species of North American bamboo

...ly name and describe a newfound species. Following rules laid out in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, they prepared a short description of the plant in Latin and a longer one in English, and provided drawings and other information to make a strong case for the recognition of A. appalachian...

Loss of a universal tRNA feature reported

...a radical departure from previously known identity rules for the histidine-carrying tRNAs." He added: "This result implies that tRNA recognition by the enzyme adding histidine to tRNA differs considerably from similar enzymes in other organisms. We have indeed been able to detect an impact on particular re...

Cornell lab confirms deadly fish virus spreading to new species

...they have been tested. In Wisconsin, new emergency rules prohibit anglers and boaters from moving live fish and require them to drain their boats and live wells before leaving Wisconsin’s Great Lakes waters, the Mississippi River and those tributaries up to the first impassable dams, according to the Assoc...

The sound of proteins

...borator Frank Pettit, which uses their translation rules to convert amino acids into music and hope it will speed up the translation of large segments of genomes. Further examples of converted proteins and the computer program are accessible for online use [ www.mimg.ucla.edu/faculty/miller_jh/gene2music/h...

Madagascan tropical forests return thanks to better management and well-defined ownership

...rights, while areas with well-defined local norms, rules and property rights for forest management showed e...ests to spontaneously regenerate if existing local rules and norms (including well-defined property rights) mitigate other drivers of deforestation and alter...

Undergraduate research shows leaderless honeybee organizing

...rganizational principles, such as following social rules (like human customs and laws) and division of labor. But here the similarity ends. Bees do not have large brains and are not capable of complex thought like humans. Though the bee colony is centered around the queen and her reproductive capabiliti...

Stroke study sheds light on left-right brain divide

...ed a ‘rule-switching’ task which involved learning rules linking the colour of a symbol on a computer screen with a movement to the left or right. All the participants made mistakes during the task, but it was those with right-brain damage who most frequently failed to spot their errors and had difficulty ...

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