roles 2 7

Tag: "roles" at biology news

Discovering the first steps in transcription-coupled repair

...er colleagues illuminated, for the first time, the roles played by two important proteins in recognizing blockages in transcription and in initiating an efficient method of repair; their results suggested a previously unsuspected mechanism for the repair process. The team, whose members hold positions at ...

Limiting the damage in stroke

... by interfering with molecules that play important roles within these networks. Scientists knew that NF-kB signaling was active in neurons, but its function was unclear. "We had some evidence that in nerve cells, it could trigger a self-destruction program called apoptosis," says Markus Schwaninger of the...

Key brain regulatory gene shows evolution in humans

...e, called prodynorphin (PDYN), that plays critical roles in regulating perception, behavior and memory. They reported that, compared to lower primates, humans possess a distinctive variant in a regulatory segment of the prodynorphin gene, which is a precursor molecule for a range of regulatory proteins ca...

Researchers show key protein necessary for normal development of red blood cells

...dult red blood cells. Researchers believe that the roles of EKLF and KLF2 may partially overlap in controlling human embryonic and fetal globin gene expression. This research was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health. Lloyd collaborated with colleagues in the VCU Department of Huma...

Sperm trading can resolve hermaphrodite mating conflicts

...nflict (theoretically speaking) about which sexual roles to play, because matings are often more costly, in...ept of sperm trading, where mates negotiate mating roles in order to balance sexual interactions. ...

New technique multiplies life span in simple organisms

...logs of the yeast SCH9 and RAS2 genes play central roles in many human cancers." Homologs are genes descended from a common ancestral DNA sequence. Joining with researchers at the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Longo is studying the feasibility of reducing or preventing the age-dependent DNA muta...

New study expands understanding of the role of RNA editing in gene control

...hese joined processes can be seen in the fact that roles have been identified for miRNAs in embryonic development, cell and tissue differentiation, and, increasingly, in cancer formation. "A couple of years ago, we started to investigate whether miRNA precursors were being edited in processing," says Kazu...

Fruit fly research set to revolutionize study of birth defects

...g costs low. "It also adds to the growing list of roles fruit flies can take," says Walker. Fruit flies are already used as models for aging, neural disease and cancer. ...

New clues to the dark side of a key anti-tumor guardian

...an intriguing paradox when it comes to the broader roles this protein plays in our well being. Past work has shown that in animal models, hyperactivation of the p53 protein is beneficial in terms of bestowing extra protection against tumor formation, but at the same time it has a significant negative effec...

Good news for the medical marijuana movement: pot proliferates brain cells and boosts mood

...a expand the existing knowledge about the positive roles cannabinoids and their receptors play in brain processing and medicine. Moreover, cannabinoids are perhaps the only illicit drug that can enhance adult neurogenesis and subsequently modify behavior. ...

Study provides insight into cellular defenses against genetic mutation

...Recently, Maquat's team has worked to identify the roles of proteins involved in NMD, the focus of the Nature paper. During translation, mRNA chains are read in one direction due to the nature of their building blocks, called nucleotides, starting with the 5-prime end, and ending with the 3-prime end. As ...

Baby's genes affect mom's cholesterol levels

...ipoprotein E and lipoprotein lipase play important roles in the degradation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins," notes Descamps. "In pregnant women, the concentrations of these lipoproteins are particularly very high and it is thought that these lipoproteins are the forms that carry the lipids to the placen...

'License to kill' enables powerful immune attack cells in mice

...s group found that the inhibitory receptors switch roles during licensing. Although the structure of the receptors is exactly the same in immature natural killer cells, they act not as inhibitors but as enablers. In their studies, natural killer cells in mice became much more capable of mounting attacks ag...

Human brain is still evolving

...e early humans migrated out of Africa." While the roles of Microcephalin and ASPM in regulating brain size suggest that the selective pressure on the new variants may relate to cognition, Lahn emphasized that this possibility remains speculative. "What we can say is that our findings provide evidence that...

Researchers discover key to human embryonic stem-cell potential

...ity.) These proteins were known to play essential roles in maintaining stem cell identity--if they are disabled, the stem cell immediately begins to differentiate and is thus no longer a stem cell. "But we did not know how these proteins instructed stem cells to be pluripotent," says Laurie Boyer, first ...

UNC scientists discover new role for protein as fundamental inhibitor of cell movement

... similar could suggest that CIB1 may play multiple roles in multiple cell types." "Our study of CIB1 is still very much in its early days, but its role in migration is already very clear," Parise said. ...

Micro RNAs play role in egg making

...nd that the genes affected by miRNAs shared common roles as regulators of protein manufacturing or turnover. These results suggest that miRNAs tightly control the abundance of proteins throughout the process of oogenesis and fertilization. Using a proteomics tool developed at Carnegie Mellon, the scientis...

UW-Madison scientists zero in on drugs' sweet spots

...portant. This method allows us to rapidly scan the roles of these sugars in complex natural products." The simplification of the process to manipulate natural sugars could help make natural products more appealing to the pharmaceutical industry. Despite the fact that 60-75 percent of drugs approved to tre...

Rutgers to lead $52.7 million protein research program

...million research program that will help reveal the roles that proteins play in life's most fundamental proc...mbers at Columbia University will have significant roles in the program, including the selection of specific proteins for structure determination and subsequ...

Fish and chips: A fast track to understanding blood development

...d on a group of 61 of these genes that had unknown roles in the function of blood stem cells. Using zebrafish, a small fish that develops red blood cells in a way similar to humans, they "turned off" these genes in the fish embryos and watched to see if the blood formed normally. They found that disruptin...

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