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Tag: "roles" at biology news

Scientists aim to thwart use of flu as bioweapon

...nst the infection. Doherty's technical talk on the roles of specific types of T-cells in influenza will be at 1:30 p.m. Friday, June 23, at the Rochester Marriott Airport Hotel on West Ridge Road. The lecture is free and open to the public. During the symposium Thursday and Friday, University of Rochester...

DOE JGI finishes 100th microbial genome

... references the collaborating institutions and the roles of the organisms in their environment. Bioenergy Acidothermus cellulolyticus ATCC 43068. Alison Berry, University of California, Davis. Isolated from acid hot spring in Yellowstone; degrades cellulose, source of high-temperature enzymes. Clost...

First 'encyclopedia' of nuclear receptors reveals organisms' focus on sex, food

...rient metabolism. Receptor networks also have key roles in metabolism's biological clock, researchers found. The findings, published today in two studies in the journal Cell , chart the anatomy and timing of nuclear receptor expression throughout the body in hopes that researchers can uncover global re...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

... hypothesized that the factors that play important roles in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell identity also play pivotal roles in the induction of pluripotency" in other body cells, he explained. The researchers selected 24 ...

Queensland scientists identify molecule that links both sides of the brain

...y of molecular guidance systems which play pivotal roles in the guidance of nerve fibres and newly born neurons throughout the developing central nervous system. ...

Everything in its place: Researchers identify brain cells used to categorize images

...tant next step will be to determine their relative roles in the categorization process." We are not born with a built-in ability to recognize categories like table, chair, and camera. Instead, most categories such as these are learned through experience. Categories are a cornerstone of complex behavior, b...

Brittle prions are more infectious

... prions have gained increasing notoriety for their roles in such fatal brain-destroying human diseases as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and kuru, and in the animal diseases, bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow" disease) and scrapie. Yeast and mammalian prions are proteins that transmit their unique cha...

Major obesity gene is 'lost in the shuffle'

...s will allow us to identify the specific metabolic roles of ASIP in vivo by comparing a species that has the gene versus a species that lacks the gene," he says. ...

Researchers find molecular 'brake' to cell death

...nd proteins, and they combine to play a variety of roles in the cell, such as formation of ATP. However, through a series of biological and biochemical experiments, Tang and his research team found that adding ATP to a cancer cell could potentially impede apoptosis. They discovered that these nucleotide p...

Researchers identify genes in fruitflies that may shed light on human cancer spread

...genes; and some that are well understood for their roles in other cellular functions but without this study would not have been obvious candidate genes in cell migration. The results help these researchers as well as others in the field by pointing out genes to study further. "This really was a hypothesi...

Common molecular 'signature' identified in solid tumors

...ants to mice to humans ?confirming their important roles in growth and survival. Carlo Croce, professor and chair of molecular virology, immunology and medical genetics at The Ohio State University and the first researcher to discover miRNA involvement in human cancer, had a hunch that there might be sha...

New method for identifying microbes

...ty is essential if we want to fully understand the roles microbes play in global cycles, make use of their enormous metabolic capabilities, or easily identify potential threats to human health." Growing cultures of microbes to identify species is slow and error prone as the culture conditions often screen...

Newly discovered killer cell fights cancer

A mouse immune cell that plays dual roles as both assassin and messenger, normally the job o... the cell encounters a pathogen, the cell switches roles from killer to dendriticlike messenger, and, according to the researchers, the swap occurs only once...

Enzyme crystal structure reveals 'unexpected' genome repair functions

...ay in changing conformations for TFIIH's alternate roles in either transcription or DNA repair. The XPB crystal structures developed by the researchers identified unexpected functional domains for XPB that, according to the study, help "address key questions about XPB structure-function relationships for...

More evidence mammals, fruit flies share make-up on function of biological clocks

.... The researchers sought to determine additional roles for Cry in fruit flies by testing the rhythmic expression of clock genes in flies with either a mutant version of Cry, or with Cry produced at artificially high levels. In both cases, they found that the clock had stopped ?with high levels of clock g...

Protein receptor cools passion of 'kiss and run' nerve cells

...ontrolled to take into account the sensitivity and roles played by post-synaptic receptors, new drugs for treating a range of neurological conditions might be developed. Alford thinks that controlling agent may turn out to be 5-HT. "When you release 5-HT onto the terminal (pre-synaptic) cell, you can sw...

Scientists discover new genetic subtypes of common blood cancer

...o many copies ?or are overexpressed or absent. The roles played by these myriad abnormalities in the initiation and progression of myeloma are only beginning to be understood, but it's been observed that different abnormalities are often found from one patient to the next. Previously, scientists had iden...

Leave it to salmon to leave no stone unturned

... the fact that live salmon play a diverse suite of roles in streams, including helping to disperse those nutrients." ...

'Genetic network' guards against lethal DNA damage

...irs of genes that, while different, play redundant roles in governing genomic integrity in yeast cells, filling in for each other when one of the genes is mutated or deleted. Such redundancies ensure that each task in the network of biochemical reactions governing DNA stability is accomplished, Boeke noted...

How can we protect patients with weakened immune systems from influenza?

...geted patients. Both types of cells play important roles in the immune system. T cells that recognize and fight influenza may help predict whether a patient will produce protective antibodies after vaccination. Producing those antibodies is the job of B cells. "We hope to be able to use a simple blood test...

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