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Tag: "roles" at biology news

Scientists identify 36 genes, 100 neuropeptides in honey bee brains

...ivity and, hence, our behaviors. Understanding the roles these peptides play in the life of a honey bee will assist researchers in understanding the roles they play in their human counterparts. There are a million neurons in the brain of a honey bee (Api...

Striking the right balance between excitation and inhibition

...t," Goulding explains. Referring to the multiple roles of Notch, not only in controlling the differentiat... the pain." Since interneurons play such critical roles in transmitting pain signals, it is thought that some chronic forms of pain are due to an imbalance ...

Jefferson scientists identify gene mutation potentially involved in breast cancer initiation

...anti says. Caveolin proteins, which play important roles in cell communication, are also involved in a number of diseases and conditions, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and muscular dystrophy. The researchers, reporting in June 2006 in the American Journal of Pathology, say...

Master planners in brain may coordinate other areas' roles in cognitive tasks

...s plan follow-up studies to further understand the roles of the cingulate and the opercula in creating task sets and to see if these regions have similar roles in children of various ages. They are also planning to use a new type of functional brain imaging to...

New mechanism explains glucose effect on wakefulness

...wrote the researchers. "Considering these crucial roles of orexin neurons, their recently described inhibition by glucose is likely to have considerable implications for the regulation of states of consciousness and energy balance," wrote Burdakov and his colleagues. "However, as in other glucose-inhibite...

Scientists' cell discovery unearths evolutionary clues

...he regulation and function of genes with important roles in development was altered and elaborated during the course of evolution to generate novel cell-types and morphological features. The next step for Professor Baldauf and her team will be to investigate the origin of these amoebas, and also to sea...

Common carp sheds new light on surviving in extreme environments

...new findings suggest that this protein plays other roles in protection from low levels of oxygen in the tissues apart from storing oxygen, and we need to reassess its importance. It may be that the kind of damage caused in humans by low oxygen levels, could be countered by the therapeutic elevation of my...

A splice of the action: Translational role for WT1 isoform

...mal and pathological human development, with known roles in kidney and urogenital formation as well as several human cancers. Dr. Hammarskjold and colleagues reveal that WT1 works not only at the transcriptional level, but also at the post-transcriptional level to regulate gene expression. The WT1 gene ...

Interfering RNA silences genes in 'slippery' immune cells

... cells that circulate in the blood, with important roles in autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and some cancers. "T cells have previously been difficult to modify with interfering RNA, being more mobile than other cell types that typically remain stationary in cell cultures," said study leader Terr...

Evolutionary forces explain why women live longer than men

...le pattern is a result of sexual selection and the roles that males and females play in reproduction," Kruger said, "Females generally invest more in offspring than males and are more limited in offspring quantity, thus males typically compete with each other to attract and retain female partners." For ex...

University of Minnesota researchers take new look at cellular suicide

...s, which not only support the DNA but play various roles in managing its functions. "In the past, people thought histones were just for packaging DNA," said Dong, who studied a histone named H2AX. "People believe H2AX plays a role in DNA repair. But we find that if DNA can't be repaired, the cell undergoe...

Leptin found to control appetite and limb development in frogs

... around a long time," Denver said. "Leptin's other roles in animal development are just beginning to be understood." ...

Mapping the protein world

...wing the structures of molecules that play crucial roles in cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and molecules from pathogenic bacteria or viruses will contribute to design new revolutionary therapeutic strategies." To meet this objective the scientists intend to study crystals of protei...

The shape of life: research sheds light on how cells take shape

...asure only about 250 atoms wide ?but play critical roles in the body. Microtubules help cells divide. They also act as scaffolds, giving cells their shape, and serve as train tracks of sorts, moving important bits like chromosomes and mitochondria around inside of cells. As microtubules multiply, they fo...

New study reveals signaling pathways required for expansion of pancreas stem cells

...National Institutes of Health, was to discover the roles of two proteins-BMP4 and Id-in causing proliferation or expansion of pancreatic progenitors. Hong Hua, a postdoctoral fellow in Sarvetnick's lab, was the lead author of this study. The progression of pancreatic stem cells to beta cells is governed b...

Pathway toward gene silencing described in plants

... Sciences and his collaborators have described the roles that eight proteins in Arabidopsis plants play in a pathway that brings about DNA methylation, an epigenetic function that involves a chemical modification of cytosine, one of the four chemical subunits of DNA. Without proper DNA methylation, higher ...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

... hypothesized that the factors that play important roles in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell identity also play pivotal roles in the induction of pluripotency" in other body cells, he explained. The researchers selected 24 ...

Schepens scientists are first to discover angiogenesis switch inside blood vessel cells

...ch enzyme, they began to understand the individual roles of those enzymes. The research team discovered the following. When the PI3K enzyme acts on the lipid, it converts it (the lipid) into a modified form of itself, which then signals blood vessel cells to proliferate or grow. The team also found tha...

Deep-water discovery

...ers in recent years that play important ecological roles but has never before had the chance to explore this area. Starting today, the team will be working at sites on the Bahamas side of the Straits of Florida, about 10 miles from Bimini, and from May 27-30, they will work on the Florida side, beginning ...

Rehydrate -- your RNA needs it

...er, that molecule-of-all-trades, is famous for its roles in shaping the Earth, sustaining living creatures ...ech Republic have uncovered two previously unknown roles for water in RNA enzymes, molecules which themselves play critical roles in living cells and show pr...

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