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Tag: "roles" at biology news

First major study of mammalian 'disorderly' proteins

...(IUPs), a large group of molecules that play vital roles in the daily activities of cells. The new techni...ealized that these molecules play major biological roles in the cell, according to Richard Kriwacki, Ph.D., an associate member of the St. Jude Department of...

Fast-freeze snapshot yields new picture of nerve-muscle junction

... new technique will open up new discoveries of the roles various proteins play in nerve synapses. "It's going to revolutionize the way we do this kind of analysis," she said. ...

Nanoscale microscope sheds first light on gene repair

... around which DNA is wound, and they can also play roles in gene regulation and gene repair. H2AX is an early responder to DNA damage, and its change to what is known as gamma-H2AX is important for the coordination of signaling and repair activities. But it had not been known how H2AX is distributed throug...

Researchers in Montréal and the US create model of key immune-system component

...phagosome works by revealing the intricately woven roles of all the molecules involved in killing infectious agents," says Joel Bader, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering and a member of the High-Throughput Biology Center at Hopkins. According to Paul L’Archevêque, President and CEO of...

University of Iowa scientists explore function of 'junk DNA'

... on Nov. 12. "MicroRNAs are being shown to play roles in cancer and in normal development, so learning how these microRNAs are expressed may give us insight into these critical biological processes," said Borchert, who is lead author of the study. "Up to now it's been understood that one enzyme controls...

Teenager moves video icons just by imagination

...ol of Engineering and Applied Science played major roles in the accomplishment. Nick Anderson, a Ph.D. student in biomedical engineering, came up with the idea of using the Space Invaders game to both help the patients pass the time away and garner some very useful, pioneering data. Computer science and en...

Knockout Mouse Project

...bout the function of human genes and their similar roles in human diseases. "The process is a long one, but the rewards are immeasurable," said Pieter de Jong, Ph.D., Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute scientist and principle investigator for KOMP. "We're at the forefront of understanding the...

Mutant mouse provides insights into breast cancer

...s one of six related Mcm genes that play essential roles in replication and were originally discovered at Cornell in baker's yeast ( S. cerevisiae ). The genes have remained largely unchanged throughout evolution and are evident in archaebacteria, yeast, mammals and more. It is unknown why the impaired Mcm...

The biggest bug in gut discomfort

...athway. Watson and Galan also investigated the roles of two Rab GTPases, proteins involved in the maturation of endosomal compartments. These and other experiments provided additional evidence that C. jejuni leaves the normal endocytic pathway early and that the segregated C. jejuni vacuoles move to a ...

Does missing gene point to nocturnal existence for early mammals?

...sin genes in non-mammals play similar or different roles in non-visual light detection and so provide clues as to the implications of only having one melanopsin gene. "The two genes and their associated proteins have been maintained in vertebrates for hundreds of millions of years, only for one of them ...

Special chip provides better picture of salmon health

...s, they have identified genes which play different roles in the lifecycle of salmon, for example immune response. Professor Chris Secombes lead researcher from the University of Aberdeen explained: "We have identified hundreds of genes which are increased or decreased following infection, many of which ...

UCSD researchers discover internal compass of immune cell

...phils ?specialized white blood cells that play key roles in inflammation and in the body's immune defense against bacteria ?navigate to sites of infection and inflammation. These findings could potentially lead to new treatments for serious infections and inflammatory diseases in patients. The research,...

'Killer' B cells demonstrate evolutionary link between fish and mammal immune systems

...mune cells in fish but also may point out to novel roles of B cells in mammals. "At this point, we cannot rule out the possibility that small subpopulations of phagocytic B cells, perhaps remnants of those present in fish, are still present in mammals," Sunyer said. Their findings also have an agricultu...

Study offers innovative profile of enzyme that aids tumor growth

...cording to Cravatt. To date, understanding the roles of uncharacterized enzymes in cell physiology and ...t to translate into clear characterizations of the roles that enzymes play in living systems, where these proteins generally operate within larger metabolic ...

U of MN researchers find novel genes critical in organ development

... in organ development. The scientists studied the roles of genes in the zebrafish secretome. This group of genes makes proteins that are located on the surface or outside of cells in the body, and are responsible for directing "patterning" in the body, or ensuring that cells divide, differentiate and migr...

Jefferson scientists find aging gene also protects against prostate cancer development

...far-reaching influence in all organisms, including roles in metabolism, gene expression and aging. “We know that sirtuins play a role in aging, and that the risk for prostate cancer increases with aging, but no one has ever linked the two until now,?says Dr. Pestell, who is also professor and chair of ...

Most widely used organic pesticide requires help to kill

...ve application in human and animal medicine as the roles of those bacteria become better understood. Bacterial infections in humans may account for as much as 10 percent of mortality in the United States. "It is thought that the gut is the source of bacteria for a large portion of cases of human septicem...

Researchers add to understanding of how brain cells communicate

...re is increasing evidence that they play important roles in the brain, including the process of long-term depression (which, like long-term potentiation, is thought to be essential for learning and memory) and disease. A better understanding of how NMDA receptors work could lead to better treatments for sc...

New path from estrogen to survival in breast cancer cells described

...e of the journal, Nature Cell Biology, they assign roles to a number of genes and proteins thought to play a part in breast cancer cell survival, and in the process, have identified potential molecular drug targets. "It's a very complex story, but we have been able to bring together a number of basic dis...

Protein shown to rally biological clock

...avior and physiology. The finding clarifies the roles that both VIP and a neurotransmitter GABA play in synchronizing biological clocks, and sheds light on how mammals, in this case mice and rats. regulate circadian rhythm. Results were published in the Nov. 27- Dec. 1 online issue of the Proceedings o...

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