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Tag: "roles" at biology news

Scientists find potential 'off-switch' for HIV virus

...ular players are known yet, nor how their relative roles determine whether the virus becomes dormant, but Weinberger said his and Shenk's results lead them to think they are on the right track. If their theories prove correct, they could form the basis for therapies that combat HIV and other viruses that p...

Scripps research study reveals structural dynamics of single prion molecules

...Some studies suggest that prions may also play key roles in certain critical processes such as long-term memory. Other authors of the study, A Natively Unfolded Yeast Prion Monomer Adopts An Ensemble of Collapsed and Rapidly Fluctuating Structures, are Samrat Mukhopadhyay and Edward A. Lemke of The Scripp...

Primitive yeast yields secrets of human cholesterol and drug metabolism

...s, yeast have only two P450 enzymes, and both play roles in making cholesterol, narrowing down the territory for their search and giving them a telltale marker (the cholesterol) to track. Reasoning that whatever controls the P450s likely would be turned on and off at roughly the same time as the P450 en...

Tears reveal some of their deepest secrets to researchers

...entified as a lipid in the brain, where one of its roles is to induce sleep. It also has other key functions throughout the central nervous system. But the current study is the first to find and describe oleamide and related lipids in tear film. "The finding could give us more insight into the role of l...

Scientists identify specific enzymes that make meningitis hard to fight

...em. This work provides an insight into the precise roles of two enzymes in mending DNA and gives us a great..."After realising that the two enzymes had distinct roles repairing different types of DNA damage, were able show the pathogen can 'fend off' different types ...

Anti-dandruff compound may help fight epilepsy

...hows that we don’t fully appreciate the biological roles of many familiar chemicals that surround us.? ...

New research shows why too much memory may be a bad thing

...campus have different, and in some cases, opposite roles in distinct types of memory storage, and that excess neurogenesis can be detrimental to some memory processes." "We believe these findings have important implications for diverse disciplines ranging from medicine to artificial intelligence," said ...

Cancer cells forming blood vessels send their copper to the edge

...h is copper, a vital nutrient that plays important roles in many life processes. Compounds that reduce copper in the body without disrupting the body's normal functions can inhibit the growth of blood vessels ?and some of these compounds are even in clinical trials for use in cancer therapy. Yet, the biolo...

Human preference for other species could determine whether they survive

... as large eyes and large head ?also can play major roles for some animals. Pandas, zebras and elephants, for example, are black and white or gray but are highly preferred by humans. Millions of insects and the countless slimy invertebrates that occupy the oceans are likely not as lucky, Stokes said. "T...

Single molecule extends fat mice lives by reversing gene pathways associated with disease in obese

... that will help us better understand resveratrol's roles and the best applications for it." Resveratrol is found in red wines and produced by a variety of plants when put under stress. It was first discovered to have an anti-aging properties by Sinclair, other HMS researchers, and their colleagues in 20...

Stem cells engage in dialogue with the cells that regulate their futures

...close contact may allow cap cells to play critical roles in communicating with stem cells. The research team looked at a kind of signaling that usually depends on direct contact between cells, called the Notch pathway. The Notch protein is like a trigger poking out of a cell that can activate a mechani...

'Killer' B cells provide new link in the evolution of immunity

...f immune cells in fish but also may point to novel roles of B cells in mammals. Their findings also have an agricultural implication. Vaccines currently given to farmed salmon, for example, appeal to the fish's adaptive immune response, which this research now shows to be a small part of the overall fish i...

Protein structure initiative launches new resources for the scientific community

...nformation about protein structures can reveal the roles that these molecules play in health and disease and may point the way to designing new medicines. "The first five years of the PSI were devoted to developing methods, technologies, and pipelines to speed the structure production process and redu...

Genome info from 'plant destroyers' could save trees, beans and chocolate

...ormal plant-microbe relationships as well as their roles in disease," she said. ...

Peering into the shadow world of RNA

...nderscored by the fact that they are known to play roles in such critical processes as embryonic development, cell and tissue differentiation, and cancer formation. A review of current research in this still-developing area of biology, authored by Kazuko Nishikura, Ph.D., a professor in the Gene Express...

Gene therapy inhibits epilepsy in animals

... up of five subunits--proteins that play important roles in brain development and in controlling brain activity. Previous animal research by Dr. Brooks-Kayal's group had found that rats with epilepsy had lower levels of the alpha1 subunits of these receptors and higher levels of alpha4 subunits. Therefore,...

NYU biologists identify gene that coordinates two cellular processes

... approach has proven useful for learning about the roles of unknown genes. Unlike most genes in the netw...nandez tested the idea that mel-28 plays important roles in both chromosome segregation and nuclear envelope function. Part of this undertaking included exam...

Researchers identify neurons that assign value during learning

...ndicated that certain neurotransmitters played key roles in assigning attractive or aversive values to neutral stimuli--for example, neurons expressing dopamine are required for aversive learning, whereas neurons expressing another neurotransmitter, octopamine, are required for appetitive learning (associa...

Proteins necessary for brain development found to be critical for long-term memory

...term memory, then we can look at possible remedial roles they might play in diseases such as Alzheimer's and dementia." ...

Selecting life: Scientists find new way to search for origin of life

...und that mineral surfaces may have played critical roles organizing, or activating, molecules that would become essential ingredients to all life--such as amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) and nucleic acids (the essence of DNA). But which of the countless possible combinations of biomolecules ...

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