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Tag: "role" at biology news

Researchers develop assay that could be applied to drug screening

...nd to generate force through polymerization. "The role played by actin in clathrin mediated endocytosis has been controversial for a long time," Zenisek said. "We've now shown in live cells that proteins involved in actin polymerization are recruited to sites of membrane scission, and that disturbing act...

Scientists discover how Ebola virus infects cells

... of Ebola virus dropped to near zero. An accessory role is played by another cellular enzyme, cathepsin L, the scientists determined. Inhibitors of cathepsins are already under clinical development as anti-cancer drugs. The authors write, "Further investigation of the antiviral efficacy of [enzyme] inhib...

Conserved amino acids play both structural and mechanistic roles in sandwich-like protein

... define the sandwich-like structure, but the exact role was unknown. "Why are these eight amino acids invariant across all sandwich-like proteins?" asked principal investigator Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede, associate professor of biochemistry and cell biology. "Are they conserved to direct the protein-fold...

Stanford gut check shows diversity of intestinal ecosystem

...teria and archaea. The molecule, 16S rRNA, plays a role in the translation of the genetic code and thus is critical to the organisms. However, small variations in the 16S rRNA gene sequences allow scientists to detect distinct bacteria. For each of the three research subjects, the researchers analyzed sa...

Low oxygen likely made Great Dying worse, greatly delayed recovery

...hink we have to go back and look at oxygen and its role in evolution and how different species developed," Ward said. "You can go without food for a couple of weeks. You can go without water for a few days. How long can you go without oxygen, a couple of minutes? There's nothing with a greater evolutionar...

Scientists reveal the shape of a protein that helps retroviruses break into cells

...hink we have to go back and look at oxygen and its role in evolution and how different species developed," Ward said. "You can go without food for a couple of weeks. You can go without water for a few days. How long can you go without oxygen, a couple of minutes? There's nothing with a greater evolutionar...

wFleaBase: the Daphnia genome database

...d among metazoans, largely because of its sentinel role within freshwater ecosystems and over 200 years of biological investigations. By consequence, the Daphnia Genomics Consortium (DGC) has launched an interdisciplinary research program to create the resources needed to study genes that affect ecologica...

Unchecked DNA replication drives earliest steps toward cancer

...the p53 gene. A protein called 53BP1, the critical role of which was reported by the same Wistar group in Nature last year, senses the DNA breaks caused by replication stress and activates the p53 pathway. That pathway shuts down the replication process, thus limiting further DNA damage. In some circumsta...

Designing vaccines by computer

...by computer may sound unnerving but the increasing role of computer modelling in the development of new vaccines could bring new products onto the market quicker, benefiting patients and saving pharmaceutical companies millions of pounds. Researchers using informatics and computer modelling can help scie...

Too much water may be as dangerous as too little during long-distance athletic events

...g exercise, he said. Heat and humidity also play a role in the rate of this loss. Calculating fluid loss is as simple as weighing yourself before and after exercise and comparing that number to the amount of fluid you consumed throughout. "All serious distance athletes should find out what their rate of...

Bush, Cheney and Rumsfeld are now species of slime-mold beetles -- but strictly in homage

...g exercise, he said. Heat and humidity also play a role in the rate of this loss. Calculating fluid loss is as simple as weighing yourself before and after exercise and comparing that number to the amount of fluid you consumed throughout. "All serious distance athletes should find out what their rate of...

New design : complete

...g exercise, he said. Heat and humidity also play a role in the rate of this loss. Calculating fluid loss is as simple as weighing yourself before and after exercise and comparing that number to the amount of fluid you consumed throughout. "All serious distance athletes should find out what their rate of...

Python a 'hearty' eater

...lved in muscle contraction, and hence, plays a key role in pumping blood. Hicks and his colleagues propose that these animals could be an informative model for investigating fundamental mechanisms leading to cardiac remodeling and ventricular growth in other animals, including humans. Hicks' research is...

Mouse with designer liver has enhanced glucose tolerance, insulin response

...'s website on April 10th. The liver plays a major role in the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream, its...ated by insulin receptors and thus play a critical role in insulin regulation inside cells. Biochemical studies on Gab1 in cell cultures suggested that Gab1...

Bobbing birds do it for a reason

...only removes motion blur but also plays a critical role in permitting the detection, localization, and recognition of objects. Head-bobbing behavior, so characteristic of birds, permits the close and stable examination of objects in view during the immobile phase and allows the birds to change their point...

AIDS Public Awareness Campaign Expands Following Report Of Rapidly Progressive HIV

...Me." This social marketing campaign uses community role models to promote the importance of people with HIV taking precautions to prevent transmitting the virus to others. This prevention campaign includes the use of bus and subway advertisements in New York City and Buffalo. New York State has some of t...

Retrovirus struck ancestors of chimpanzees and gorillas millions of years ago, but did not affect ancestral humans

... researchers said. The infection may have played a role in the evolution of such great apes as chimps and gorillas. The research appears in the April issue of the journal Public Library of Science-Biology, which is available online on March 1. Researchers studying portions of the genome containing 'retro...

Molecular messengers perform a crucial role in the ability of injured nerve cells to heal themselves

...covered how molecular messengers perform a crucial role in the ability of injured nerve cells to heal themselves. A nerve cell has a cell body and a long extension, called an axon, which in humans can reach up to one meter in length. Nerve cells belonging to the peripheral nervous system can regrow when ...

Newly Discovered 'Branding' Process Helps Immune System Cells Pick Their Fights

...ng oxidative reactions are also believed to play a role in atherosclerosis. Scientists suspect oxidative damage in the blood vessel walls may lead to immune reactivity that contributes to narrowing and stiffening of blood vessels. ### Herzog J, Maekawa Y, Cirrito TP, Illian BS, Unanue ER. Activated anti...

15-year hunt finds cause of pseudothalidomide syndrome

...ve been able to identify this gene and confirm its role in Roberts syndrome." The physical similarities of people with Roberts syndrome and those whose mothers took thalidomide suggest similar underlying biology, Jabs notes. Although there's some evidence that thalidomide prevents blood vessel growth, it...

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