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Tag: "role" at biology news

Anammox bacteria produce nitrogen gas in oceans' snackbar

...f global nitrogen budgets, which play an important role in long term climate predictions, will have to be revised. The discovered nitrogen loss has also consequences for the carbon cycle in marine ecosystems. Denitrification. The measurements refute the dominating theory that oceanic nitrogen loss result...

Mouse gene shows new mechanism behind cardiac infarction in man

... corresponding human gene has been shown to play a role in the development of myocardial infarction. The ...l T cells. These cells, in turn, play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and of a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. The new fin...

Protein helps regulate the genes of embryonic stem cells

...e way opens up new lines of investigation into the role eed might play in diverse biological processes. "It may give us new gene targets to study relative to cancer and other disease states that may have these marks and have not been examined but should be," Magnuson said. Another application of epigene...

Edible bivalves as a source of human pathogens: signals between vibrios and the bivalve host.

...persistence of vibrios in these organisms, the key role of the interactions between vibrios and the immune system of bivalves has been recently highlighted by scientists from the Universities of Genova and Urbino (Italy) in Environmental Microbiology. Carla Pruzzo, from the University of Genova explains:...

Biochemists report discovery of structure of major piece of telomerase; implications for cancer

...ich the structure is known. Telomerase plays a key role in most cancers, and this work ultimately may lead to targets for drug intervention, the scientists said. The discovery is the cover story in the March 4 issue of the journal Molecular Cell. "Knowledge of the structure should provide insights into h...

Plant Sacrifices Cells to Fight Invaders

...types, both plant and animal. PCD plays a critical role in many biological processes including immune system function, embryonic development and elimination of defective cells. When PCD malfunctions, or is undermined by pathogens, the effects can be devastating, resulting in diseases such as cancer, Alzhe...

Scientists discover that three overlapping signals in embryo help get the backbone right

...ct on the embryo, raising doubts about the natural role of these proteins in early development. Now, usin...g numerous mutants that can be used to explore the role of various genes in development. Using standard knock-out techniques, their team inactivated the fu...

Oceans more vulnerable to agricultural runoff than previously thought, study finds

... runoff from the Mississippi River plays a pivotal role in creating this annual dead zone, which measured 8,500 square miles (22,000 square kilometers) in 2002-an area bigger than the state of Massachusetts. "In the Gulf of Mexico, there's the possibility that hypoxia could occur at a local scale, which ...

UCSD research reveals mechanism involved with type of fatal epilepsy

...rmacology, and colleagues at UCSD investigated the role of malin in Lafora disease and found that malin physically interacts with laforin and regulates laforin's concentration by marking it for degradation. Their results show that approximately 40 percent of patients with Lafora disease have mutations in ...

NSAID drug protects against intestinal tumors in mice, despite poor diet and gene losses

...that has used knockout mouse models to explore the role of genes and diet, including the finding that inac...ber of tumors. The researchers then looked at the role that diet plays when expression of two tumor suppressor genes is reduced. The researchers mated mice...

Red delicious, Northern Spy apples have most antioxidants, chemists find

...wreak havoc on cells and tissues, appear to play a role in the onset of heart disease and prostate, colon and other cancers. Polyphenols ?phytochemicals that act like astringents ?are major sources of antioxidants in apples, but which polyphenols are most active in the fruit has perplexed scientists. Tsa...

Protein prevents detrimental immune effects of bacterial sepsis

.... The paper by Damazo et al., "Critical protective role for annexin 1 gene expression in the endotoxemic murine microcirculation," appears in the June issue of The American Journal of Pathology and is accompanied by a commentary. Severe inflammatory response syndrome, or SIRS, occurs when the body's resp...

Measuring Enzymes At End Of Cancer Pathway Predicts Outcome Of Tarceva, Taxol

...ll's sensitivity to Taxol. The CDK enzyme plays a role in cell division, and researchers believe that it functions in part as a monitor of cell cycle activity. Ueno theorizes that if something goes wrong during division - such as if Taxol is interrupting spindle assembly - CDK will become more active in ...

Bevacizumab Combined With Chemotherapy Improves Progression-Free Survival for Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer

...or (VEGF). VEGF is a protein that plays a critical role in tumor angiogenesis. “It is noteworthy that a previous company-sponsored trial in patients who received prior chemotherapy for advanced disease did not show a benefit with bevacizumab in combination with capecitabine, a different chemotherapy agen...

Activation of thermoreceptors mediates raw garlic's burning pungency

...icate that thermosensitive TRP channels play a key role in the phenomenon of chemesthesis (the somatosensory contribution to the sense of taste), which is experienced, for example, in the heat of chili peppers or the coolness of peppermint. Both TRPV1 and TRPA1 are found in pain-sensing neurons that inner...

Norovirus found to cause traveler's diarrhea

.... The authors said that further research into the role of Noroviruses in traveler's diarrhea is warranted. The simple, inexpensive molecular diagnostic techniques used in this study to identify Norovirus-positive stool samples could serve to facilitate future Norovirus-related research in developing coun...

The lopsided brain: Attention bias is shared by humans and birds

... that brain structures thought to play a requisite role in pseudoneglect may not actually be essential for this phenomenon, but also that pseudoneglect may reflect evolutionary adaptations that allow animals to devote attention to multiple aspects of their environment. The findings are reported in the Ma...

Supercomputers to focus brains on AIDS dilemma

... dynamics computer simulations played an important role in these discoveries. However, in recent years, mutant strains of HIV have shown increasing resistance to many of these formerly effective drugs, raising the specter of reduced life-spans and wider spread of HIV. "Fortunately, in this ongoing battl...

Researchers make surprise discovery that some neurons can transmit three signals at once

... for glutamate, the NMDA receptor, plays a crucial role in these processes, but how inhibitory synapses, which account for about half of the brain's cellular connections, would gain access to these receptors has long puzzled researchers. But now, the Pittsburgh researchers believe they have solved some of...

New polysaccharide may help combat multidrug resistance in cancer

...usly thought to play a purely structural and inert role in cells is actually involved in multidrug resistance in cancer. Using antagonists for this molecule, the researchers were able to sensitize drug resistant breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drug treatment. The research appears as the "Paper of...

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