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Tag: "rise" at biology news

HIV-1's high virulence might be an accident of evolution

...lost during viral evolution in a lineage that gave rise to HIV-1 and may have predisposed the simian precursor of HIV-1 for greater pathogenicity in humans." "Heightened immune activation is the only clear cut difference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic infections with the immunodeficiency viruses,...

Ready, set, mutate?and may the best microbe win

... that an estimated 20 million point mutations gave rise to just six populations that were capable of vying for dominance," said lead researcher Yousif Shamoo, associate professor of biochemistry and cell biology. "This suggests that very few molecular pathways are available for a specific molecular respon...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

...e primary "germ layers" in embryos eventually give rise to all an animal's tissues and organs. Following injection into blastocysts, iPS cells also contributed to mouse embryonic development. "The finding is an important step in controlling pluripotency, which may eventually allow the creation of plur...

Successful transplantation from pig embryos to mice

...which are still largely undifferentiated, can give rise to tumors. Past the window, however, they may be too well-developed: The host identifies these cells as foreign, causing the body to reject them. By transplanting tissues from pig embryos into mice lacking proper immune systems, they determined that ...

Life and death in the hippocampus: what young neurons need to survive

...brain region harboring neural stem cells that give rise to new neurons. Newly born neurons infected with virus were marked by a fluorescent dye enabling detection of neurons derived from those cells. A few weeks later, animals that received the virus showed fewer fluorescent neurons compared to mice inj...

Tiny airborne particles are a major cause of climate change

...he air condenses, forming tiny water droplets that rise as they release heat. As the small droplets rise, they collide and merge with larger droplets. When the droplets reach a critical size, gravity takes over, causing them to fall from the cloud in the form of rain. One of the controversies surroundin...

Can you hear me now? Scientists find previously unknown receptors on adult stem cells

...lls -- undifferentiated cells that eventually give rise to the blood cells that fight infection -- possess receptors that recognize bacteria and viruses. When activated, these receptors kick the stem cells and immature blood cells into action, enlisting them to help fight whatever pathogen is attacking th...

Possible birthplace of malignant brain tumors identified

...been indirect evidence that neural stem cells give rise to brain tumors. "However, it has not been shown in vivo that tumor stem cells are derived from normal stem cells or that a specific population of cells with demonstrated stem cell properties is capable of initiating tumor formation," wrote the resea...

Bird flu study highlights need to vaccinate flocks effectively

...n transmission occurs because as protection levels rise in a flock, it becomes ever harder to detect the spread of avian flu quite simply because fewer birds die. The result is increasing amounts of bird flu virus contaminating the birds' surroundings without farmers realising it. In practice, it is ve...

Ecologists home in on how sperm whales find their prey

...een known about their subsurface behaviour, giving rise to an array of speculations on how sperm whales find prey, including luring, touch, passive listening, echolocation and vision. Recording vocalisations of diving sperm whales presents a non-invasive opportunity to document feeding activity." says Wat...

Teasing out tissue from blood

...ients and growth factors. Such stem cells can give rise to many but not all tissue types like "pluripotent" embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Different combinations of growth factors can then turn the stem cells into a range of cell types. Moreover, Pharmafrontiers says it is about to submit a patent applicat...

Five surprising facts about starvation that could change the international agenda

...the past 10 years, every subregion of Africa saw a rise in both the number of wasted children under the age of five and in the overall rate of wasting, about 78% of the world's 5.5 million wasted children live in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh; nearly two thirds of those in India alone," says Webb. Sec...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

...e primary "germ layers" in embryos eventually give rise to all an animal's tissues and organs. Following injection into blastocysts, iPS cells also contributed to mouse embryonic development. "The finding is an important step in controlling pluripotency, which may eventually allow the creation of plur...

DOE JGI sequences, releases genome of symbiotic tree fungus

...rtin, INRA's Laccaria project leader. "The steady rise of global atmospheric CO2 concentrations suggests that we are on the trajectory for serious environmental problems. This situation could be eased by modeling and actively managing the complex relationships between trees and fungi," said Martin. K...

Bones hold the key to blood renewal

...erally, blood-creating) stem cells, which can give rise to any kind of blood cell, reside in special 'stem cell niches' nestled in the bones' inner walls. Inside these sheltered nurseries, the stem cells remain undifferentiated; with the help of other nearby cells, they hang on to their juvenile qualities...

Chewing up a key regulator of fat synthesis keeps mice lean despite a high-fat diet

...iny's lab. TRB3 levels in adipose tissue usually rise only during fasting, when ACC should be turned off. Heredia and co-first author Ling Qi, Ph.D., reasoned that keeping the TRB3 pathway artificially "on" during both fasting and feeding might melt away fat depots. And that's exactly what happened. Mi...

Production of key Alzheimer's protein monitored for first time in humans

...includes carbon-13-labeled leucine. Tracking the rise of the percentage of Abeta with labeled leucine over time gives scientists the subject's Abeta production rate. When the percentage of Abeta containing labeled leucine plateaus, scientists remove the IV drip supplying the labeled leucine. Periodic sa...

UF scientists discover evolutionary origin of fins, limbs

...different cell types to determine which cells give rise to the median fins, finding that they arise from the same cells that form the vertebrae. These same genes dictate the emergence of symmetrical pairs of fins on the animal sides, showing a shared developmental mechanism in completely different locatio...

Study finds how organs monitor themselves during early development

...if the need arises. Germ cells are cells that give rise to either sperm or egg and can ultimately give rise to a new organism and all the cells that an organism needs. This study illustrates how the ovary ...

Honey helps problem wounds

... healing process in soldiers' wounds. However, the rise of the new antibiotics replaced this household remedy. 'In hospitals today we are faced with germs which are resistant to almost all the current anti-biotics,' Dr. Arne Simon explains. 'As a result, the medical use of honey is becoming attractive aga...

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