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Tag: "ribosome" at biology news

Danish researches solve virus puzzle

...udoknots', a three dimensional structure. When the ribosome walking along an RNA encounters a pseudoknot it ne... pseudoknot which is related to bird flu. When the ribosome encounters a pseudoknot it has to unravel the knot before the reading can proceed. During this proce...

To sleep, perchance to dream: New insight into melatonin production

...NAT mRNA translation is mediated by IRES (internal ribosome entry site) elements in the 5' end of the transcript, through binding of another protein, called hnRNP Q. In fact, siRNA knock-down of hnRNP Q reduced AANAT and melatonin production under nocturnal conditions. ...

Regulating the nuclear architecture of the cell

...e organization and structure of the nucleolus, the ribosome factory, which is situated at the specific site in the heterochromatin where ribosomal DNA -- consisting of large genes, repeated 300 to 400 times -- codes for the production of the RNA from which ribosomes are built. "This work on pathways tha...

Biologists probe the machinery of cellular protein factories

...y of California, Santa Cruz, has been studying the ribosome for more than 30 years. His main goal is to understand how the ribosome works and how it evolved, but there are also practical reasons to pursue this research. Many of the ...

The molecular post office inside the cell

...in areas open up on the ribosome, which allows the ribosome to dock onto another complex. The later complex, w...tant in protein sorting. It is made from an active ribosome - that is, the protein synthesis machine in the cell - called the signal recognition particle (SRP),...

Basic work on E. coli identifies two new keys to regulation of bacterial gene expression

...se. "By understanding transcription and control of ribosome synthesis in E. coli, we can understand more about these processes in bacterial species that we need to control, like those that cause disease or make toxins. E. coli is also the workhorse of the biotechnology industry. Understanding E. coli gene exp...

New method for identifying microbes

...eginning of the gene that codes for a piece of the ribosome -- the highly conserved "single point" reference gene. By sequencing these tags and comparing the sequenced code with databases of known bacterial genomes, the Brookhaven team determined that this specific 16-letter region contains enough unique gene...

Picking particles faster than one at a time

... can be wrecked by jamming their ribosomes, if the ribosome structure is known in detail. Single-particle reco...by using it to pick images from among over 130,000 ribosome particles in 55 micrographs provided by the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Hea...

Zooming in on the protein-conducting channel

...plex comprising the PCC from E. coli attached to a ribosome that contained a newly forming protein segment. The ribosome is the massive protein-RNA complex that constitutes the cell's protein-making machinery. Mitra expl...

Biotechnology's newest chemical tool

...application might be to label various sites in the ribosome -- the RNA-based site of protein production -- with bright fluorophores using appropriate RNA methyltransferases, enabling real-time dynamic studies of the complicated mechanism of protein translation. ...

Study provides insight into cellular defenses against genetic mutation

... mRNAs linked to CBP80 are targeted for NMD when a ribosome finds an early stop codon. Most recently, the Nature paper demonstrated for the first time that CBP80 works by activating a protein factor known to drive NMD called human up-frameshift (hUpf) protein 1. A Matter of Spacing Immature mRNA is made ...

Study findings offer potential new targets for antibiotics

...s thought that there may be additional places in a ribosome that future antibiotics could affect, places that ...ct ?that there actually are other "hot spots" on a ribosome that could act as potential targets for antibiotics ?the researchers first introduced a mutated copy...

North & South American researchers find architectural abnormalities in T. cruzi ribosome

...lbany, New York, who had pioneered the analysis of ribosome structures by a method he developed for three-dime...about the structure of the parasite's ribosome. A ribosome is basically a double ball made mostly of RNA and over 50 proteins. The balls, which are of unequal ...

Life's origins were easier than was thought

... are called ribozymes (a contraction of the words ribosome and enzyme). But there is an important obstacle to the theory of ribozymes as the origin of life: they could not be very large in length as they would not be able to correct the replication errors (mutations). Therefore they were unable to contain en...

Evolution of life on Earth may hold key to finding life in outer space

...lution of Life" ?is to understand when and how the ribosome (or cellular protein synthesis machinery) came int... group are examining the various components of the ribosome machinery trying to learn what parts came first and what was added later. "Since many of the compon...

Researchers make gains in understanding antibiotic resistance

... center, of the large subunit of the ribosome. The ribosome is the molecular machine responsible for translati...antibiotics ?bound to a mutated version of the Hma ribosome that corresponds to a form found in pathogenic bacteria. Their studies revealed details of erythromy...

Scientists discover unique microbe in California's largest lake

...he foreign DNA encodes a structural feature of the ribosome that makeslarge and precise movements during prote...ygenetic exchange has in fact had consequences for ribosome function inthese bacteria.The new species of Acaryochloris is the latest in a series of neworganisms...

Timing is everything: First step in protein building revealed

..."As a result, Lorsch studies the timing of how the ribosome complexitself assembles and how other factors come...in, which can kill the cell or lead todisease."The ribosome is the end stage of gene expression, and gene expressionkeeps us alive and causes disease," says Lor...

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