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Tag: "responses" at biology news

Low levels of neurotransmitter serotonin may perpetuate child abuse across generations

... early in their lives and affects the offsprings's responses to stress in adulthood. In earlier research on abuse of infant monkeys, Maestripieri and his colleagues studied females that were switched at birth between abusive and non-abusive mothers. That research showed that the offspring of non-abusive mot...

Interaction between lymph and liver cells may affect immune response

...e. The results may help explain the altered immune responses that occur with aging and other conditions and may...enestrations of LSECs therefore the altered immune responses of older people might in part be mechanistically linked to reduced opportunity for TEHLI in old age....

New brain-chemistry differences found in depressed women

... others, with major depression, showed exaggerated responses in this system when undergoing an emotional challe...antidepressant. "Women who had more pronounced responses in their stress response mechanisms during brain imaging also showed alterations in hormones, like c...

Global changes alter the timing of plant growth, scientists say

...species. But they were surprised to find differing responses to elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen deposition: Wildflowers responded to these changes by flowering earlier, while the grasses flowered later. This caused the two groups to overlap in their seasonality, where under current conditions they flower ...

A valuable fly for research into disease

...sed by drug abuse and the mechanisms that regulate responses to psychostimulants such as alcohol, cocaine and nicotine. Drosophila is a key tool for studying certain aspects of cancer, and research into the development and proliferation of tumours will be a main topic of the conference. Ross Cagan, from the U...

Early HIV treatment fails to restore memory T cells

...r that an HIV vaccine may need to stimulate immune responses that can act very quickly following infection, before the bulk of lymphocytes capable of countering the infection are lost. ...

Road-crossing in chimpanzees: A risky business

... that produces flexible, adaptive, and cooperative responses by a group of individuals facing risk. The researc...ents a new situation that calls for flexibility of responses by chimpanzees to variations in perceived risk. Understanding how chimpanzees cross roads as a group...

HIV-1 kills immune cells in the gut that may never bounce back

...at good is a vaccine going to be if you get immune responses in peripheral blood but there's nothing in tissue"" Markowitz says. "It's pretty clear that a successful vaccine will need to address issues surrounding mucosal immunity, which is an area that -- relatively speaking -- has been previously ignored." ...

Vaccination with embryonic stem cells prevents lung cancer in mice

...ent bone marrow stem cells ?both potential adverse responses to the vaccinations. Prof Eaton said: "We think the results from the carcinogen-initiated cancers are probably the most important, as they are closer to the 'real-life' model of the development of cancer than just implanting cancer cells in an ani...

Fruit fly study identifies gene mutation that regulates sensitivity to alcohol

...ne is intimately involved in regulating behavioral responses to alcohol exposure. The findings have implicat...ze similar genetic differences and neurobehavioral responses that underlie acute tolerance in humans, that could potentially provide new targets for the developm...

Cocaine high caused by interference in neuronal receiving stations

...the NR2B subunit tended to enhance such behavioral responses to cocaine. "These results provide strong evidence supporting a critical role of the D2R-NR2B interaction in mediating cocaine's effect on [kinase binding and phosphorylation] and in constructing a full-scale motor response to cocaine," concluded t...

New technology to speed up research into Huntington's disease

...h the screen and obtain rewards, even though their responses were often incorrect). This indicates that their poor cognitive performance was not secondary to motor impairments. It also confirms that mice with HD have cognitive problems that worsen with increasing age. Dr Morton said, "We are very excited a...

Progress made in HIV vaccine development

...97.5% of vaccinees experienced positive CD4 T cell responses and 40% experienced positive CD8 T cell responses....ive CD8 T cell responses. "HIV-specific CD8 cell responses clear virus infected cells, and appear during the declining viremia following acute infection," expl...

Novel vaccine shows promise against early-stage breast cancer

...wing treatment and seemed to show long-term immune responses to HER-2/neu as a result of the therapy. Of the 12 study participants, six showed markedly reduced levels of HER-2/neu expression after the vaccination, and as a result, the investigators also noted an improvement in their severity of their disease....

Distinguishing friend from foe in the battle against cancer

...-kB, which triggers both inflammatory and survival responses by inducing transcription of specific genes. Not only did this explain why TSC null cells are vulnerable to insult, but it also provided biochemical evidence that there is crosstalk between two survival mechanisms. Explains Tergaonkar, who is now a...

Funding to tackle hospital superbugs

...to the development of other drugs that modify host responses with the view to resolving infection and reducing inflammation in diseases such as arthritis. ...

Report calls for improved monoclonal antibodies against solid tumors

...d for use in clinical treatments to trigger immune responses to cancer cells, modulate cancer cell growth, and deliver drugs to cancer cells. Of these, only three are used on solid tumors. However, solid tumors account for 85 percent of all cancers. According to review lead author Robert A. Beckman, M.D. o...

Friendly bacteria in alcoholic milkshake could fight food allergies

... Immunoglobulin E (IgE). IgE is involved in immune responses to inactivate organisms that might cause disease. However, in the presence of allergens it can also activate cells responsible for the release of histamine, a chemical which stimulates allergic responses, such as inflammation and constriction of airw...

Adolescent but not adult hamsters are more aggressive on low dose of fluoxetine

...uveniles. The effects of fluoxetine on aggressive responses appear to be specific to both age and dose. The authors say their data add to growing evidence that during puberty, the brain is still maturing and, says Taravosh-Lahn, "could possibly react to drugs given to adults in different and potentially ne...

Fighting like a girl or boy determined by gene in fruit flies

...ls to study complex behaviors, including sleep and responses to painful stimuli, Tompkins said. "Drosophila have marvelous advantages in terms of genetic tricks," she said, "and flies in many respects behave and respond similarly to humans." The findings provide a welcome guidepost to help enable future res...

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