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Tag: "response" at biology news

New clue to cocaine addicts' quirky behavior

...n a plus-shaped maze. The rats were taught that in response to a visual cue they should turn left or right tow...le the cocaine-sensitized rats learned the correct response strategy faster than normal rats, they were significantly less able to change strategies when they w...

Deep sleep short-circuits brain's grid of connectivity

...he brain. The pulses stimulated an electrochemical response from the targeted cells, which, when the subject w.... But when the subject was in deep sleep, the same response was quickly extinguished and did not travel beyond the stimulated cells. When consciousness fades, ...

Frog peptides block HIV in lab study

...he brain. The pulses stimulated an electrochemical response from the targeted cells, which, when the subject w.... But when the subject was in deep sleep, the same response was quickly extinguished and did not travel beyond the stimulated cells. When consciousness fades, ...

Most common lung cancers may begin in newly discovered cells

...BASCs passed the rigorous tests for stem cells. In response to two types of lung damage that killed the more specialized cells, BASCs proliferated and appeared to give rise to the Clara or alveolar cells lining the airways. In tissue cultures of normal mouse cells, only the BASCs could grow more of themselves...

Thinking the pain away? Study shows the brain's painkillers may cause 'placebo effect'

...menon known as the placebo effect -- and that this response corresponds with a reduction in feelings of pain. Previous studies at U-M and elsewhere have shown that the brain reacts physically when a person is given a sham pain treatment, which they believe will help them. But the new study is the first to ...

Say what? Bacterial conversation stoppers

...re, E. coli squelched much of the quorum-sensing response of the cholera bacteria, although the effect was not as dramatic as with the marine bacteria. "The real take-home point is the interference," Bassler said. "Consumption of the signal could be a mechanism that allows one kind of bacteria to block ano...

Endocannabinoids ?the brain's cannabis ?demonstrate novel modes of action to stress

...for this hormone feedback regulation of the stress response might be to prepare the brain to mount another response in case of the onset of another possible stressor. The endogenous cannabinoids may serve to link the...

Nicotine triggers the same brain reward circuitry as opiates

...r pretreated with naloxone did not show any reward response to nicotine. However, naloxone did not block the chamber choice of mice conditioned with cocaine, found the researchers, indicating that cocaine activates the brain reward pathway in a different way from nicotine and opiates. "The present results d...

A new molecule discovered in the battle between plants and disease

... induced expression of the gene. Also expressed in response to AtPep1 were the PDF1.2 gene (a plant defensin) and the PR-1 gene, (a pathogenesis-related gene). Two wound-related genes, LOX2 and VSP2, were not induced by AtPep1. Supplying AtPep1 to jasmonate-deficient fad3-2 fad7-2 fad8 mutant plants did not i...

Gambling monkeys give insight into neural machinery of risk

...laced on the target, rather than an after-the-fact response to the payoff. While Platt and McCoy believed they have isolated one component of the neural machinery of risk, they do not believe they have mapped the entire circuitry. "We don't think the posterior cingulate cortex is by any means the only area ...

NIH renews network focused on how genes influence drug responses

...mine the genetic basis for individual variation in response to medications for treating tobacco dependence. (N...provided by NIGMS, NCI, and NIMH to study how drug response is affected by variability in the genes for "gatekeeper" molecules called membrane transporters, whi...

Gap-climbing fruit flies reveal components of goal-driven behaviors

...of how insect behavior is composed and employed in response to the environment. ...

Elevated temperature enhances success of viral cancer therapy

...ication. Interestingly, when a cellular heat shock response was induced in the resistant tumor cells, either p...s restored. Therefore, induction of the heat shock response could rescue ONYX-015 replication in resistant tumor cells. According to Dr. O'Shea, "Our data sugg...

Stem Cells Found In Cerebellum; Possible Cell of Origin for Childhood Brain Tumors

...tem cells; their ability to divide indefinitely in response to stem cell growth factors; and their ability to generate all the major cell types in the cerebellum when transplanted into the cerebellum of neonatal mice. Identifying stem cells in the cerebellum provides the research team with a target for study...

Researchers uncover E. coli's defense mechanism

...Learning how the bacteria handle the body's immune response is the first step in developing more effective med...t plays in reducing the levels of nitric oxide. In response to nitric oxide, NorR binds to DNA in order to regulate expression of an enzyme that reduces the amo...

Engineered molecule amplifies body's immune response

... are produced by the cells of the immune system in response to challenges by foreign agents such as viruses, b... are side effects due to the increased nonspecific response caused by excessive amounts of interferon." Dr. Holtzman and his colleagues at the Washington Unive...

Compound from Chinese medicine shows promise in head and neck cancer

...be used along with chemotherapy to create a better response and avoid surgery. More than 29,000 people will be diagnosed in 2005 with head and neck cancers, which include cancer of the tongue, mouth, throat and voice box. University of Michigan holds a patent on the negative isomer, (-)-gossypol, and has li...

Mass production of human papillomavirus could lead to gains against cervical cancer

...s consist of capsid proteins and trigger an immune response to those proteins," he said. "However, in its earliest stage, papillomavirus does not express those proteins, making the virus invisible to that immune response. "A sufficiently non-virulent, attenuated virus that would express early gene products c...

Penguin chicks exposed to human visitors experience spike in stress hormone

...eached 40 to 50 days old that they showed a stress response like the newly hatched chicks in areas frequented by humans, said researcher Brian Walker, who led the work as part of his doctoral thesis at the UW. He is now an assistant professor of biology at Gonzaga University in Spokane. Magellanic penguin ch...

Genetic discovery could lead to drought-resistant plants

...function like little mouths that open and close in response to cues such as light, temperature, and water availability. Using mouse-ear cress, a relative of mustard, cabbage and radish plants, Campbell and co-authors from U of T and the University of Lancaster compared the cooling rates of plants with normal,...

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