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Tag: "response" at biology news

Revolutionary nanotechnology illuminates brain cells at work

... be detected. Since light is a vibration, the same response occurs with two fluorescent dyes that have overlapping, but slightly different colors–in this case cyan and yellow versions of GFP. The cyan is excited and, if the distance between the colored proteins changes, more or less energy is transferred to t...

Researchers report new pro-inflammatory role for anti-inflammatory enzyme

Part of the immune system's pro-inflammatory response to bacterial invasion is to increase nitric oxide ...se, is also involved in nitric oxide production in response to infection. This discovery may eventually provide a new target to treat sepsis, which is caused by...

Defenseless plants arm themselves with metals

...spond to, the molecule that triggers the infection response used by nearly all other plants. The molecule does...ck by a pathogen. It's expressing all its pathogen response proteins, and at such a high level, they can have a deleterious effect on the plant." Metal hyperac...

Yeast Network Prevents Damage By Oxygen Radicals

...at are the hallmarks of cancer cells that occur in response to ROS." Dr. Kolodner and lead author, Meng-Er Huang, generated various yeast strains each with a mutation in the TSA1 gene, which results in increased production of ROS, plus a mutation in one or more genes involved in DNA repair or cell cycle cont...

Leprosy microbes lead scientists to immune discovery

...body's early warning system prompts a rapid immune response by two separate armies of defensive cells. The fin... distinct cell types, forming the body's emergency response to the detection of foreign bacteria. One category of defensive cells, macrophages, seek out and eng...

Nanoparticle Breast Cancer Drug Approved by FDA

...ion is not required. In the clinical studies, the response rate for all participants treated with Abraxane was almost twice that of participants receiving the solvent-based paclitaxel injection. Without toxic solvents, Abraxane could be given at higher doses than Taxol, which may account, in part, for the in...

Brain Scans Reveal How Gene May Boost Schizophrenia Risk

...tal cortex is critical for motivation, learning in response to reward, and working memory ?functions impaired in schizophrenia, which is thought to involve a dopamine imbalance. Individuals inherit two copies (one from each parent) of the gene for the enzyme catecho-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which chemical...

FDA Works To Speed The Advent Of New, More Effective Personalized Medicines

...dentify sources of an individual's profile of drug response and predict the best possible treatment option for this individual. For example, genomic tests are helping to identify cancers that have a good chance of responding to a particular medication or regimen. This technology has enabled the development of...

Turning viruses into allies against cancer

...timulating factor). Its job is to induce an immune response to any surviving cancer cells released during the initial viral attack, essentially preventing the spread of these cells to other parts of the body. "This aims to treat metastatic disease and reduce tumor recurrence," said Robert Coffin, Ph.D., chie...

Double triumph in stem cell quest

... genetic material of the adult donors? Verlinsky's response was that he fused male adult cells with a female ESC line, and the resulting cells were male. However, Verlinsky's team has not yet tested the HLA proteins on the cell surface to prove that the stembrids are an immune match for the adult donors. By c...

A little stress gives beneficial oomph! to immune system

... could help us figure out ways to boost the immune response when it could be most helpful to do so, such as du...d. "And it could also help us tone down the immune response during inflammatory diseases." Dhabhar and Kavitha Viswanathan, a graduate research associate in or...

Oceans more vulnerable to agricultural runoff than previously thought, study finds

...hich much of the valley was irrigated, there was a response in the ocean off the coast of the Yaqui Valley," Matson explained. "We were quite surprised," Arrigo added, noting that the Nature paper marks the first time that scientists have documented a "one-to-one correspondence between an irrigation event an...

Defensins Ward Off HIV In Two Ways

...n their exterior. They help orchestrate the body's response to viruses and therefore play important roles in the immune system. The researchers show that alpha-defensin-1 fights HIV in two different ways. Without serum (the watery portion of blood that remains when blood cells are removed) and under conditio...

Multiple-drug resistant gene expression pattern predicts treatment outcome for pediatric leukemia

...tify a subset of patients with a markedly inferior response to treatment. In addition, the findings revealed a...bout the cellular mechanisms involved in disparate response to these drugs. Specific genetic signatures related to ALL treatment failure and chemotherapeutic c...

Doctors closer to using gene analysis to help trauma patients

...characterize the nature of the immuno-inflammatory response to trauma.?/p> Dr. Ronald G. Tompkins, a surge...me to describe the molecular profile of healing in response to burns and traumatic injury, researchers say. ...

Protein prevents detrimental immune effects of bacterial sepsis

...rom the detrimental effects of severe inflammatory response syndrome, as reported by researchers at Barts and ... accompanied by a commentary. Severe inflammatory response syndrome, or SIRS, occurs when the body's response to an overwhelming infection becomes uncontrolled...

Measuring Enzymes At End Of Cancer Pathway Predicts Outcome Of Tarceva, Taxol

... factor receptor (EGFR), but that does not predict response to the targeted therapy in other forms of cancer, Ueno says. "We find here that as long as CDK2 is suppressed, the drug works, so developing an accurate test for CDK2 activity would be a boon for delivering individualized therapy to patients," he sa...

UCLA scientists store materials in cells natural vaults

...capsules may prove less likely to elicit an immune response than foreign carriers like viruses. IMPACT: The UCLA discovery will enable many potential applications, including: * Therapeutic delivery, such as homing cancer drugs directly to a tumor cell without harming healthy tissue * Enzyme delivery...

After a time-shift, mixed signals from the circadian clock

...hat corresponded to slow resetting of the clock in response to the shifted light schedule, while another part of the clock, represented by a ventral (lower) group of cells, exhibited a distinct pattern of activity that corresponded to fast resetting of the clock. Perhaps contributing to the different behavio...

Could microbes solve Russia's chemical weapons conundrum?

... chemical detoxification (a procedure developed in response to the CWC). Currently, incineration or a process called bitumenisation are employed to deal with RMs, how-ever both methods are highly expensive and pose environmental risks. Mustard is a blistering agent that was first used in World War I. Found ...

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