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Tag: "requires" at biology news

Novel technology detects human DNA mutations

... human genomic DNA is extraordinarily complex asit requires sifting through the more than one billion base pairs of DNA to find a particular base pair of interest. Once that base pair is located, it is then necessary to determine if either of the bases is mutated (i.e., has SNPs). Nanosphere's technology can ...

Inexpensive, mass-produced genes core of synthetic biology advances at UH

...ating the most primitiveof living organisms, which requires synthesis of several thousandgenes, would be prohibitive, costing millions of dollars and years oftime. The system developed by Gao and her partners employs digitaltechnology similar to that used in making computer chips and therebyreduces cost and t...

Novel Enzyme Shows Potential As An Anti-HIV Target

...cting responsive element (TAR). Tat binding to TAR requires recruiting the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (C... the authors explain, a new round of transcription requires that new, unacetylated Tats are produced or existing Tats are deacetylated. Thus, efficient viral re...

An HIV Protein Plays a Surprising Role in Gene Activation

...ciated factors (TAFs). PIC assembly sometimes also requires activator proteins, which can enhance transcriptional activity by supporting proper elongation of nascent transcripts. Tat, an activator encoded in the HIV genome, is required for HIV gene activation and viral replication. It affects these processes...

Muscle-targeted gene therapy reverses rare muscular dystrophy in mice

...e that respond well to enzyme infusions, treatment requires weekly injection of a large amount of the enzyme. "Gene therapy has the potential to reverse the course of the disease with a single treatment," Koeberl said. The researchers delivered the glycogen-degrading enzyme with an adeno-associated virus (A...

Open microfluidic and nanofluidic systems

... In general, the development of any new technology requires a systematic understanding of the underlying physics. This latter constraint applies to all length scales: if one wanted to build a robot which walks over water, for instance, a human-like robot is a bad idea while a spider-like robot is a much bette...

Ice core 'dipstick' indicates West Antarctic ice has thinned less than believed

...aid. "To make climate judgments based on the past requires knowing the past climate accurately," he said. ...

Study Models Impact Of Anthrax Vaccine

...afterexposure.The current licensed anthrax vaccine requires six doses over an18-month period to provide immunity. The researchers looked at whatimpact a new and improved anthrax vaccine could have, and evaluated arange of vaccine characteristics, which could begin to provide immunityranging between 7 and 28 d...

Novel ultrafast laser detection of cancer cells also may improve understanding of stem cells

...a cell," says Gourley. "To see them in the old way requires a time-consuming process like fluorescent tagging or a chemical reagent. We've found we can see them immediately by light alone." The techniques could be critical to advancing early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. More technically p...

Bird Brains Show How Trial and Error May Contribute to Learning

...ependent or performance-based learning. "That all requires paying attention to how we're doing, experimenting with different things, and gradually getting better," said senior author Michael Brainard, assistant professor of physiology at UCSF, whose lab is funded in part by a grant from HHMI. "It makes sense...

Influenza vaccine uses insect cells to speed development

...use of a vaccine. The traditional egg-based method requires 3 to 6 months to develop the vaccine. With our cell-based method, the time from receipt of the virus strain to the final vaccine product would be shortened to approximately 1 to 2 months." Today's flu vaccines are prepared in fertilized chicken eggs...

Rush Physicians Using Gene Therapy For Heart Patients With Moderate To Severe Chest Pains Who Do Not Benefit From Other Treatments

... that opens blocked arteries, while bypass surgery requires open-heart surgery to place veins removed from the patient's leg or arteries taken from the patient's chest wall or arm to "bypass" the blocked blood vessels. While both of these treatments have been shown to be successful in relieving severe chest ...

PCRM develops world's first cruelty-free insulin assay

... and you want to conduct research of your own that requires using animals as part of the testing, what do you do? In the case of the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, you invent your own test. PCRM president Neal Barnard, M.D., announced today that PCRM has developed the world's first cruelty-fr...

How the environment could be damaging men's reproductive health

...hromosome ratio in sperm is worrying in itself and requires more attention from scientists and the public," said Prof Giwercman. The second study by researchers from Denmark, Lithuania and Finland[2] suggests that a higher than expected prevalence of cryptorchidism (undescended testes) in Lithuania could be ...

Norovirus, AIDS vaccine and Hepatitis Virus

...at makes reverse transciptase (a protein the virus requires to replicate). Four macaques were injected with the noninfectious vaccine, while two control animals remained unvaccinated. Both groups were challenged with SHIV. All four of the immunized macaques became infected with the challenge virus, but three ...

DuPont's first biologically derived polymer receives global recognition

...t, from corn using a new biological process that requires over 40 percent less total energy than the traditional petrochemical feedstock. It will be commercially available in 2006. In 2003, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency presented DuPont with its annual "Presidential Green Chemistry Award" for th...

Researchers devise way to mass-produce embryonic stem cells

...ion costs by at least 80 percent, Yang said, as it requires less equipment and monitoring. Embryonic stem cells are unspecialized, or undifferentiated, cells that can grow into any of the body's 200 different types of cells. Yang and Ouyang presented their findings in San Diego on March 15 at the national m...

Chemists identify immune system mechanism for methamphetamine binges

...gainst the drug, and that's not a good thing as it requires more of the drug to get high," says Janda. His findings were first reported in a recent issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society, the Society's peer-reviewed journal. In a test tube study designed to simulate the chemical reactions that...

WHO Warns Of Increased Risk Of Vector-borne Diseases In Tsunami-affected Areas

...ealth system rehabilitation strategy, WHO urgently requires US$67 million for activities through the next six months. Notes to editors The tsunami in Southeast Asia, has at least in some areas, led to environmental disturbance of the kind that would typically be associated with increased mosquito breeding. ...

Light therapy may combat fungal infections, new evidence suggests

...e most common method, called bright-light therapy, requires that patients sit near a special light box fitted with high-intensity, full-spectrum or white light bulbs. UV irradiation is also used to repigment skin affected by the autoimmune disorder vitiligo. The findings also have important implications for ...

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