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Tag: "replication" at biology news

Random gene expression may drive HIV into hiding

...ng experimental and computational studies of HIV's replication cycle, the researchers found evidence that the vir...n cells, carrying with it a key component of HIV's replication machinery: a gene called Tat. Tat facilitates transcription of HIV's entire genome, including itself...

Antiretroviral Therapy May Prevent HIV Transmission From Breastfeeding Mothers To Infants

...ansmission through either direct inhibition of HIV replication in the breast milk, or by preventing infection from taking hold in the infant. The high drug concentrations raised the possibility of some risks, as well as benefits, however. Such levels may be high enough to cause adverse effects associated with t...

New Species of Coral Discovered Off Southern California

...or of the virus when it enters a host cell, during replication and when it leaves a cell. This is a major step towards understanding the process of HIV infection. Modern imaging technologies facilitate real-time observation of virus-cell interactions. Many of these investigation methods require labeling of the ...

Virologists make major step towards understanding the process of HIV infection

...or of the virus when it enters a host cell, during replication and when it leaves a cell. This is a major step towards understanding the process of HIV infection. Modern imaging technologies facilitate real-time observation of virus-cell interactions. Many of these investigation methods require labeling of the ...

Touching Molecules With Your Bare Hands

...daughter cells along with the cell’s genome. Viral replication and segregation requires the services of a protein called the episome maintenance protein—a potentially recognizable target for immune cells. Gamma-herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV),...

How A Latent Virus Eludes Immune Defenses

...daughter cells along with the cell’s genome. Viral replication and segregation requires the services of a protein called the episome maintenance protein—a potentially recognizable target for immune cells. Gamma-herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV),...

To Stop Evolution: New Way Of Fighting Antibiotic Resistance Demonstrated By Scripps Scientists

...nisms are prone to some level of damage because no replication machinery is perfect, and with large genomes of billions of bases of DNA to be copied many billions of times over the lifetime of an organism, a certain level of spontaneous mutations will occur -- mistakes that escape repair and become part of the D...

Unchecked DNA replication drives earliest steps toward cancer

... divide relentlessly, leading to conditions of DNA replication stress. This stress leads to random errors in the ... Nature last year, senses the DNA breaks caused by replication stress and activates the p53 pathway. That pathway shuts down the replication process, thus limiting...

Study reveals candidate targets for anti-retroviral therapeutics

...gent necessity. Host genes required to support the replication of HIV are a potential source of such novel target...e discovery of over 100 host genes that affect the replication of a model retrovirus. Their results are reported in the May issue of Genome Research. Many organis...

Novel gene-silencing nanoparticles shown to inhibit Ewing's sarcoma

...egion of the tumor cell, effectively reducing cell replication by 80 percent. The scientists then tried their novel technology in laboratory mice grafted with human Ewing's sarcoma tumors. Following three consecutive days of treatment, the scientists observed strong, but transient, inhibition of tumor growth. ...

Shutting down the HIV assembly line

...itor of this sort would be expected to block viral replication in cells that complete assembly at the multivesicular body as well as those that assemble particles at the cell membrane. ...

Insight into DNA's 'weakest links' may yield clues to cancer biology

...ence has suggested that chromosomes break when DNA replication ?the process by which DNA copies itself before cel...ined unclear, he said. The researchers slowed DNA replication in yeast cells by reducing the availability of one form of DNA polymerase, which are enzymes critica...

Scientists identify genetic pathways essential to RNA interference

...that may underlie some cancers or be used in viral replication may offer further clinical potential. Along with Kim, the study's co-first authors are Harrison Gabel and Ravi Kamath, MD, PhD, of the MGH Department of Molecular Biology. Additional authors are Muneesh Tewari, MD, PhD, Jean-Francois Rual, Nicolas B...

Researchers identify protein crucial for survival of Lyme-disease bacterium

... during the tick's feeding process. The energy for replication is believed to come from the proteins and nutrients made available as the tick breaks down whole blood. "For some reason, bacteria lacking the BptA protein either can't utilize the blood meal in the way the wild-type bacteria do, or something about ...

Stopping smallpox in its tracks: A new anti-viral approach

...e with erbB-1 signaling inhibit SPGF-induced viral replication and spread. The authors show that treatment with t...with the very pathways that are required for viral replication and extrusion." This study demonstrates, for the first time, that chemical inhibition of host cell ...

Norovirus, AIDS vaccine and Hepatitis Virus

... A newly identified family of proteins may inhibit replication of the Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses say r...ys posttreatment. "We have demonstrated here that replication of HBV and HCV is sensitive to the antiviral activities of interferon lambda," say the researchers. ...

Antibiotic might fight HIV-induced neurological problems

...nts have shown that minocycline somehow suppresses replication of HIV and SIV in macrophages -- the immune cells recruited to the brain during HIV infection -- and lymphocytes -- immune cells that carry "sleeping" HIV and SIV even when antiretroviral treatment is effective. "If this preliminary observation hold...

DNA Recombination and Repair—A New Twist to RecA Function

...ypass short sequence heterogeneities, and to stall replication so DNA lesions can be mended. But how RecA molecules within a filament coordinate and organize their activities to carry out these functions has remained obscure. Cox et al. addressed this problem in the test tube, by examining RecA filaments grown ...

Scientists identify genetic pathways essential to RNA interference

...that may underlie some cancers or be used in viral replication may offer further clinical potential. Along with Kim, the study's co-first authors are Harrison Gabel and Ravi Kamath, MD, PhD, of the MGH Department of Molecular Biology. Additional authors are Michael Dybbs and Joshua Kaplan, PhD, of MGH; Muneesh ...

Novel Enzyme Shows Potential As An Anti-HIV Target

...sting Tats are deacetylated. Thus, efficient viral replication depends on adequate Tat supplies. And since HIV gene expression relies on SIRT1’s enzymatic activity, inhibiting SIRT1 could prove to be a promising anti-HIV therapy. Future study will have to verify whether inhibiting SIRT1 can successfully put the ...

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