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Tag: "regulator" at biology news

UNC scientists solve mystery of how largest cellular motor protein powers movement

...sruption of dynein’s interaction with a particular regulator protein causes defects in nerve cell transmission and mimics the symptoms of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ...

Key gene controlling eye lens development identified

...tly activating Pax6, a gene considered the "master regulator of eye development." In the absence of Six3, Pax6 fails to coordinate the activity of a series of additional genes that cooperate to form the lens. A report on this work appears in the prepublication online issue of The EMBO Journal. Previously, ...

Eat less, weigh more? Enzyme makes lean mice 'susceptible' to dietary fat

... expenditure. But when the brain's appetite/energy regulator is out of whack, so are the rules for gaining and losing weight. "How do you know when to stop eating?" asks M. Daniel Lane, Ph.D., senior author of the study and a professor of biological chemistry in the Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences at ...

Study provides first look at the 'birth' of a retina cell

...sease. The study reports on the role of the gene regulator NRL, which was previously shown to be essential for the development of rods, the light-sensing cells required for vision. Anand Swaroop, Ph.D., Harold F. Falls Collegiate Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Professor of Human Genetics...

'Molecular assassin' targets disease gene

...ize fits all' therapy, because it targets a master regulator gene called c-Jun which appears to be involved in all of these diseases," said UNSW Professor Levon Khachigian, of the Centre for Vascular Research (CVR), who is the senior author of the Nature Biotechnology paper. "c-Jun is an important disease-cau...

Study reveals how cells destroy faulty proteins in cystic fibrosis

... protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). People with cystic fibrosis do not have enough CFTR for their cells to work normally because their bodies quickly destroy the mutant protein. "Most cases of CF are caused by the inability of faulty CFTR to get in the correct shape, which ...

Possible birthplace of malignant brain tumors identified

...cells in adults, and PDGF is known as an important regulator of such cells. Also, PDGF has been implicated as a key signaling molecule underlying the formation of brain tumors. PDGF triggers such cell response by plugging into the target receptor on the stem cell, like a key inserting into a lock. There had...

Research reveals control of potent immune regulator

...tudy reveals how the production of a potent immune regulator called interferon gamma (IFNg) is controlled in natural killer (NK) cells, immune cells that typically defend the body against cancer and infections. IFNg, produced by NK cells and other cell types, plays a critical role in killing pathogen-infecte...

Research identifies protein in mice that regulates bone formation

...s Runx2, a transcription factor that is the master regulator of osteoblast differentiation, which activates key bone formation genes. By removing Shn3 or WWP1, Runx2 doesnt degrade, which leads to increased bone mass. The authors believe that targeting Shn3 and WWP1 for drug discovery is an exciting prospect....

New pathways for autoimmune treatment identified

...lopecia has helped explain the imbalance of immune regulator and killer cells in autoimmune disease. Mutation in the Aire gene causes APS1, a disease causing two out of three problems ?an underactive parathyroid, yeast infection of the skin and/or mucous membrane and adrenal gland insufficiency ?by age 5 and...

Pigeons provide clue to solving common problem in heart patients

...ose back up after angioplasty. "We identified a regulator of genes that controls the growth of artery smooth muscle cells," said William Wagner, Ph.D., senior researcher. "Learning to modulate the uncontrolled growth of these cells could potentially solve the problem of vessels re-closing after angioplasty....

Novel connection found between biological clock and cancer

...mportant cell cycle regulator, and that cell cycle regulator in turn affects not only the cell cycle but also the clock. Recent evidence in mammalian cells shows that other cell cycle regulators physically interact with clock proteins. Loss of at least one clock protein (mammalian period-2) is known to incre...

Researches discover gene critical for protection against septic-shock-induced death

... colleagues discovered that Nrf2 acts as a primary regulator of most of the cellular antioxidant pathways and detoxifying enzymes that protect the body from a wide variety of environmental toxicants. In subsequent studies, they discovered that Nrf2 is a pleiotropic protein thatregulates a broad spectrum of gen...

Salmonella bacteria use RNA to assess and adjust magnesium levels

...ng the MgtA gene, which is controlled by the major regulator of Salmonella virulence, the phoP/phoQ system. The MgtA gene codes for a protein that can transport magnesium across the bacterium's cell membrane. Groisman's group showed 10 years ago that the phoP/phoQ system controls when Salmonella makes MgtA. ...

HIV vaccine takes different tack to boosting immune response

...nd senior author of the study. "The natural immune regulator may not allow the immune system to respond to HIV infection strongly enough. So by relieving the 'brake,' we can hopefully overcome what is failing in the natural anti-HIV immune response." In the study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, ...

New insight into machinery of immune cells' 'tentacles'

...t was known activation of the enzyme Rac was a key regulator of actin polymerization, but the downstream molecules in this pathway have remained elusive," said Pendergast. "The prevailing dogma was that this function is mediated by a protein called WASp. However, mice lacking WASp can still form immunological ...

Scientists discover basic defect in cystic fibrosis airway glands

... for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a membrane channel regulator essential for proper salt and water movement across some epithelia. Currently, there are two essent...

UF scientists reveal ancient origin of vertebrate skeleton

.... In addition, they isolated a gene called Sox9, a regulator of collagen gene activity in vertebrates. The results indicate the collagen-based skeleton evolved before the jawed and jawless vertebrates split into different paths, not afterward. In addition, the research shows that scientists have to dig beyond...

Master genetic switch found for chronic pain

... protein "transcription factor," which is a master regulator of multiple genes. Runx1 is one of a group of proteins that are key players involved in transmitting external sensory information, like pain and the perception of movement, to the spinal cord. In two other related papers in the same issue, Silvia Arb...

UF scientists reveal ancient origin of vertebrate skeleton

.... In addition, they isolated a gene called Sox9, a regulator of collagen gene activity in vertebrates. The results indicate the collagen-based skeleton evolved before the jawed and jawless vertebrates split into different paths, not afterward. In addition, the research shows that scientists have to dig beyond...

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