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Tag: "regulating" at biology news

Environmental toxins may cause body's defenses to worsen lung disease

...ists determine which lymphocytes are important for regulating damage in the lungs, so they can develop ways to "tweak" the immune system and prevent the lymphocytes from causing additional damage to already-injured tissue. Borchers says understanding these pathways could play an important role in future drug ...

Fruit fly study identifies gene mutation that regulates sensitivity to alcohol

... that the RhoGAP18B gene is intimately involved in regulating behavioral responses to alcohol exposure. The findings have implications for researchers seeking corresponding genes and molecular pathways in other animal models and humans. Antonio Noronha, Ph.D., director of NIAAA's Division of Neuroscience and...

Neuron cell stickiness may hold key to evolution of the human brain

...ot code for proteins but play an important role in regulating gene expression. In their Science paper, the researchers identified 992 CNSs whose sequences were specifically modified in humans and enriched near genes involved in neuronal cell adhesion. This is the first genome-wide unbiased study to detect cle...

Interaction between lymph and liver cells may affect immune response

...ract with T cells (lymph cells that play a role in regulating the immune response) found that such interactions do occur and demonstrated the mechanism by which they may take place. The results may help explain the altered immune responses that occur with aging and other conditions and may be useful in developi...

On automatic pilot

...ated which parts of the cerebellum are involved in regulating the activity of a single muscle. Furthermore, they examined the consequences of inactivation of one or more parts of the cerebellum on the functioning of this muscle. Nerve cells in the cerebellum receive two types of signals. Through the climbin...

Virginia Tech's System X supercomputer provides super tool for simulation of cell division

...anted to characterize all the protein interactions regulating the cell cycle of budding yeast (the yeast cells familiar to bakers and brewers, and a favorite organism of molecular biologists, as well). "Such fundamental research on the cell cycle of budding yeast provides a basis for understanding the reproduct...

Reversing cancer cells to normal cells

... skin cell provide a previously unknown target for regulating tumor progression and metastasis. Dr. Hendrix’s distinguished lecture is part of a session titled the cell microenvironment in development and cancer....

Scientists identify a candidate gene for osteoporosis

...in BMD. To confirm the involvement of DARC in regulating BMD, Mohan's team characterized the skeletal phenotype of mice with and without the DARC gene. The DARC -knockout mice exhibited increased BMD and lower bone resorption compared to mice with the DARC gene, supporting the predicted role of DARC ...

Does a peptide affect the heart's response to social isolation?

... The social environment plays an important role in regulating both behavior and cardiovascular function in humans. Negative social interactions, such as loneliness or social isolation, may increase the risk of developing depression and anxiety as well as heart disease. Prairie voles (ochrogaster) are small ...

Unicellular microRNA discovery

...ete differentiation, suggesting a possible role in regulating sexual reproduction. The discovery of miRNAs in a unicellular organism has evolutionary implications as well. While the existence of miRNAs in unicellular and multicellular organisms suggests that the miRNA pathway arose before these lineages spli...

Brain tissue reveals possible genetic trigger for schizophrenia

...s studies have shown that microRNAs play a role in regulating brain development. They also figure importantly in "synaptic plasticity," the ability of neurons to make connections with one another. "And those connections between neurons come and go all the time. It's a normal process for them to be pruned and g...

MIT's ocean model precisely mimics microbes' life cycles

...' biological and chemical cycles and their role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide, an important greenhouse gas. The output of the new model, the brainchild of oceanographer Mick Follows, has been tested against real-world patterns of a particular species of phytoplankton, called prochlorococcus, whic...

Fruit fly gene research may shed light on human disease processes

... as help in the chromosome-counting process and in regulating other crucial cell activities. "This signaling process is not unique to embryonic sex differentiation, but occurs in hundreds of genes throughout the body, in flies and in higher animals, too," Avila says. "Our work sheds light on signal transmis...

Protein may hold key to decreasing organ dysfunction rates in heart transplants

...Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) as potentially responsible for regulating the body's inflammatory response during heart transplants. One of the major complications involved with many transplantations is the damage done to the transplanted heart during and immediately following surgery, known as ischemia and reperfusion (IR...

New dopamine brain target discovered

...lling through calcium release is a major mechanism regulating many important functions in the brain and we have provided the first direct mechanism by which dopamine can activate a calcium signal." This data has significant implications for schizophrenia. Research tells us that people with schizophrenia ...

Killing the messenger RNA -- But which one?

...hey are being seen as vitally important players in regulating the genome. Now, a new study led by researchers at The Wistar Institute shows that these microRNAs can undergo a kind of molecular editing with significant physiological consequences. A single substitution in their sequence can redirect these microR...

In presence of fragrant cleaning products, air purifiers that emit ozone can dirty the air

...ill be important as officials begin the process of regulating air purifiers that emit ozone. In September 2006, California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger signed into law Assembly Bill 2276, requiring the California Air Resources Board to develop regulations that will set emission standards and procedures for certif...

MicroRNAs can be tumor suppressors

...ally only 20-25 nucleotides long and is related to regulating the expression of other genes. "Overexpression of the HMGA2 gene is an essential feature of many medically significant tumors, such as uterine fibroids,?explains Dr. Dutta. “It is very exciting to realize that microRNAs have an important role in s...

Moonlighting enzyme linked to neurodegenerative disease

... that DLD was a moonlighting enzyme with two jobs: regulating metabolism and breaking down proteins. The PNAS study describes how Mayo investigators identified DLD's role in reducing the amount of frataxin that is produced. "These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which certain DLD m...

Cells use 'noise' to make cell-fate decisions

...ole interactions between distinct circuits play in regulating complex biological processes, such the differentiation of multipotent stem cells. Dr. Süel, who earned his doctorate in molecular biophysics from UT Southwestern, carried out much of the work for the Science paper while a postdoctoral research f...

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