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Tag: "regulating" at biology news

Novel molecular 'signature' marks DNA of embryonic stem cells

...in. "This suggests they play a significant role in regulating the cells' unique plasticity." The remarkable design of bivalent domains, which has not been previously described, merges two opposing influences ?one that activates genes and another that represses them. When combined in this way, the negative inf...

Tiny RNA molecules fine-tune the brain's synapses

...l Boston. "What we've found is a new mechanism for regulating brain function." The brain's ability to form and refine synapses allows organisms to learn and respond to their environment, strengthening important synaptic connections, forming new ones, and allowing unimportant ones to weaken. Experiments in Gre...

Molecule by molecule, new assay shows real-time gene activity

...s about the precise events and factors involved in regulating these essential processes. This is exactly the sort of highly innovative research with broad applicability that the National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award was created to support." ...

New brain hormone puts brakes on reproduction

... in rats, mice and hamsters of this new system for regulating reproduction strongly suggests that the hormone plays a similar role in the reproductive systems of humans and other mammals. The human genome, in fact, contains a gene for GnIH. If the new finding is mirrored in humans and other mammals, it would o...

New insight into machinery of immune cells' 'tentacles'

...findings and also implicated the same machinery in regulating calcium mobilization in T cells. In their studies, Pendergast and her colleagues sought to discover the signaling proteins in T cells responsible for formation, or polymerization, of the protein actin into filaments following activation of the T cel...

Blood flow in brain takes a twist, affecting views of Alzheimer's

...g-overlooked brain cells play an important role in regulating blood flow in the brain call into question one of the basic assumptions underlying today's most sophisticated brain imaging techniques and could open a new frontier when it comes to understanding Alzheimer's disease. In a paper to appear in the Febr...

Nobelist discovers antidepressant protein in mouse brain

...uggested that serotonin receptors are essential in regulating moods and in mediating the effects of SSRIs, but given the complexity of the serotonin system, exactly how these receptors work remains a mystery. To explore how a particular serotonin receptor (5-HT1B) functions, Greengard and colleagues conducted...

Hap1 protein links circulating insulin to brain circuits that regulate feeding behavior in mice

...ood plasma, are known to play an important role in regulating the brain's feeding signals, but scientists have not fully understand how these hormones interact with the brain circuitry. Neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus, including GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid), are known to be an important part of the path...

Chemical signaling helps regulate sensory map formation in the brain

...l axis within the developing brain is the opposing regulating force, working along with ephrinB1 to specify the topographic target selection in the optic tectum, a brain region that processes information from the eye. At the molecular-signaling level, Wnt3 acts through two different classes of growth-cone rece...

Gene thwarts some pathogens, gives access to others, could save crops

...te said. "Basically the BIK1 protein does this by regulating a plant defense hormone called salicylic acid," he said. "The amount of salicylic acid determines the type and level of a plant's response to the pathogen. This is very important in terms of disease resistance. "In this paper, we speculate that ther...

HIV vaccine takes different tack to boosting immune response

...ate inflammation but also plays a critical role in regulating the potency of anti-HIV immune response. Dendritic cells in which SOSC1 was switched off were able to induce an effective long-term memory immune response to HIV. "In mice, we were pretty consistent in activating anti-HIV immune responses," said Che...

Pesticides in the nation's streams and ground water

...nsively in their exposure and risk assessments for regulating the use of pesticides. For example, EPA used USGS data in its risk assessments for the reevaluation of diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyanazine and alachlor. Uses of three of these pesticides (diazinon, chlorpyrifos and cyanazine) have now been significant...

Common molecular 'signature' identified in solid tumors

...gun to understand how important microRNA may be in regulating gene expression. For years, these tiny bits of genetic material went unnoticed ?nestled within vast stretches of the genome that appeared to be non-functional. They may have been easy to overlook: miRNAs are usually only 22 or so nucleotides in lengt...

Study fishes out new role for prostaglandins

...cts in cancer cells. "The pathways important for regulating development are also dysregulated in cancer," said DuBois, who studies prostaglandin signaling in colon cancer. Knowing how prostaglandins regulate cell movement in development can help cancer researchers determine how cancer cells spread throughout ...

Markers of gene, protein, or micro-RNA activity predict outcome in prostate and colorectal cancers

... the crypt bottom, these miRNAs may be involved in regulating crypt stem cell population dynamics and contribute to the stem cell origin of colon cancer," Boman said. "Our finding of a difference between miRNA expression in normal versus cancerous colon tissues should provide insight into mechanisms of colon...

AIDS-related cognitive impairment exists in two separate forms

... the crypt bottom, these miRNAs may be involved in regulating crypt stem cell population dynamics and contribute to the stem cell origin of colon cancer," Boman said. "Our finding of a difference between miRNA expression in normal versus cancerous colon tissues should provide insight into mechanisms of colon...

Researches discover gene critical for protection against septic-shock-induced death

...n of a single gene, Nrf2, plays a critical role in regulating the body's innate immune response to sepsis and septic shock, according to a study by a research team led by Shyam Biswal, PhD, at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The researchers found that the absence of Nrf2 caused a dramatic...

Mayo Clinic researchers discover cancer cells may move via wave stimulation

...o be a parallel pathway vital for transmitting and regulating normal cellular communication. Waves occur less often in certain tumor cells, indicating they may play a role in modulating or terminating cancer-promoting signals. Persistent cancer-promoting signals in cells lacking waves could subsequently allow t...

Novel connection found between biological clock and cancer

...nase-2 (CHK2), whose normal role is exclusively in regulating the cell division cycle. CHK2 physically interacts with FRQ; the mutation makes this interaction much stronger. However, a mutant enzyme that has lost its activity has no effect on the clock. Normally CHK2 is involved in the signal response pathway...

NASA study solves ocean plant mystery

... ocean that plays a particularly important role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide and the world's climate. This area of the ocean is the largest natural source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. "We concluded that nitrogen is the primary element missing for algae growth and photosynthesis in the nort...

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