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Tag: "regulates" at biology news

New insight into machinery of immune cells' 'tentacles'

...ied new molecular components of the machinery that regulates formation of the tentacle-like filaments by which immune system T cells grasp other cells. This embrace by such filaments is critical for the T cell to establish communication with cells called "antigen presenting cells" (APCs). Such communication en...

For the first time: Longevity modulated without disrupting life-sustaining function

...he Smk-1 gene. "Smk-1 is the first known gene that regulates longevity without affecting other vital functions of the insulin signaling pathway," said Wolff. Under favorable conditions, a still unidentified molecule binds to DAF-2, the worms' equivalent of the insulin/IGF-1 receptor, which is located at the ...

Hap1 protein links circulating insulin to brain circuits that regulate feeding behavior in mice

... known to be an important part of the pathway that regulates feeding behavior. Scientists at Emory University School of Medicine had previously identified the Hap1 protein as crucial for the normal function of the hypothalamus. In experiments with knockout mice in which the Hap1 gene was eliminated, the mic...

New Research Shows Artificial Light at Night Stimulates Breast Cancer Growth in Laboratory Mice

...ircadian rhythm, an internal biological clock that regulates sleep ?wake cycle, body temperature, endocrine functions, and a number of disease processes including heart attack, stroke and asthma. “Evidence is emerging that disruption of one’s circadian clock is associated with cancer in humans, and that interf...

Are dancers genetically different than the rest of us? Yes, says Hebrew University researcher

...ion between nerve cells. The serotonin transporter regulates the level of serotonin, a brain transmitter that contributes to spiritual experience, among many other behavioral traits. The vasopressin receptor has been shown in many animal studies to modulate social communication and affiliative bonding behavior...

Gene thwarts some pathogens, gives access to others, could save crops

...lopment," Mengiste said. "But how a single protein regulates these two processes that are singularly independen...ies. "We need to figure out the details of how it regulates root growth and the length and amount of root hair. This may have implications in terms of nutrient ...

HIV vaccine takes different tack to boosting immune response

...n and colleagues examined a molecule, SOCS1, which regulates how antigens are handled by dendritic cells, specialized white blood cells that activate the immune system. The researchers previously found that dendritic cells in which the SOCS1 was turned off were more efficient at stimulating the body's immune...

Evolution of 'irreducible complexity' explained

...ific partnership of the hormone aldosterone, which regulates behavior and kidney function, along with the receptor protein that allows the body's cells to respond to the hormone. They resurrected the ancestral receptor gene ?which existed more than 450 million years ago, before the first animals with bones ap...

Mutation in blood stem cells provides clues to cancer development

...in (EPO) to its receptor, a process which normally regulates the production of red blood cells. As a result of this intrinsic defect, the bone marrow produces excessive numbers of red blood cells. "This discovery is important because if we can pinpoint an inhibitor that directly targets the JAK2 mutant allel...

Study fishes out new role for prostaglandins

... suggested that signaling through the EP4 receptor regulates the speed of cell movements during gastrulation. The sluggish cell movements could have profound implications for development. "Timing (in development) is really important," DuBois explains. "If you are traveling and have to get to the train stati...

The critical importance of mangroves to ocean life

...n important player in the global carbon cycle that regulates atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate. "To understand global biogeochemical cycles it is crucial to quantify the sources of marine dissolved organic carbon," Dittmar writes. "Here we show that mangroves play an unexpected role in the global carbon ...

Researches discover gene critical for protection against septic-shock-induced death

...brake failure. Nrf2 may function like a brake that regulates the speed," said Biswal, senior author of the study and assistant professor in the Bloomberg School's Department of Environmental Health Sciences. Biswal speculates that suboptimal function of Nrf2 may be one reason why some intensive-care patients p...

Taking evolution's temperature: Researchers pinpoint the energy it takes to make a species

...to its surroundings, as opposed to a mammal, which regulates a constant body temperature, scientists could more precisely measure rates of speciation caused by the environment. In the end, it is individual metabolic rate - how fast an organism burns food relative to its body weight - that primarily determines ...

Major obesity gene is 'lost in the shuffle'

...to arboreal niches. We know that the ASIP protein regulates lipid metabolism in humans, so there is certainly reason to presume that this deletion contributed to the gibbons' remarkably small body mass, enabling them to thrive in the jungle canopy." Ishida points out that future studies of gibbons and other ...

Novel connection found between biological clock and cancer

...nd activities of life. "The notion that the clock regulates DNA-damage input and that mutation can affect the ... mammalian checkpoint kinase. Moreover, the clock regulates expression of the period-4 gene. This closes a loop connecting the clock to period-4 and period-4 to...

Cycles of cell death, proliferation key to liver cancer

...ancer is known to involve the NF-kB pathway, which regulates gene expression. In research published in the journal Cell in 2005, Karin and his colleagues at UCSD implicated the pathway's activator, IKK , in chemically induced liver cancer. However, the surprising outcome of those studies was the finding that...

Chewing up a key regulator of fat synthesis keeps mice lean despite a high-fat diet

...gical Studies have identified a novel pathway that regulates the body's ability to store or burn fat, a discovery that suggests new ways to reduce obesity, diabetes and other fat-related human diseases. Genetically engineered mice, in which the pathway was constantly revved up, were protected from the ravage...

Research reveals control of potent immune regulator

...ent cancer therapy," he says. The body carefully regulates IFNg levels. If there is too little of the substance, the risk of infection and cancer rises. If there is too much IFNg, NK cells become too plentiful and autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease can occur. "Our findings explain the y...

The molecular mechanism of a diabetes vaccine revealed

... the activities of a different type of T cell that regulates the amount of potentially harmful T cells available. In addition, T cells treated with p277 cause the delinquent T cells to secrete anti-inflammatory substances instead of the inflammation-causing ones that they usually make which lead to autoimmune ...

Possible birthplace of malignant brain tumors identified

...al stimulation of a cellular trigger that normally regulates replenishment of brain cells in adults causes invasive tumor-like growths in mice. Removing the abnormal stimulation causes the growths to regress--a finding the researchers said suggests a possible treatment for the lethal, aggressive brain tumors c...

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