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Tag: "regulates" at biology news

MSKCC researchers uncover structure of key protein complex in cells

...d in ubiquitin with the discovery that it tags and regulates many cell-cycle proteins for destruction. One of these proteins is p53, a "tumor suppressor" that, when working properly, can prevent runaway cell growth. In normal cells ubiquitin marks p53 for destruction. But in cells with damaged DNA, p53 evades ...

Firefly protein lets researchers monitor molecule linked to cancer

...target molecule, known as IKK (for IKappa kinase), regulates processes that can trigger dramatic changes in cellular physiology. Scientists have linked these changes to many different disorders. "Our new system allows researchers to monitor whether drugs for these conditions are hitting this exact molecular t...

UT Southwestern researchers discover master switch in cell death

...Cell study. “This is the first enzymatic step that regulates the degradation of proteins that control cell death.?/p> The beneficial side of cell death ?known as apoptosis ?occurs when it kills cells at appropriate times, as is the case, for example, when it removes the webbing from the fingers of an embry...

Eliminating bacterial infections out of thin air

...ed oxygen levels, and a protein called HIF-1 alpha regulates this. Interestingly, the cells responsible for des...unomodulation." ### TITLE: HIF-1alpha expression regulates the bactericidal capacity of phagocytes View the PDF of this article at: https://www.the-jci.org/ar...

UNC scientists discover new role for protein as fundamental inhibitor of cell movement

... to see these results and to discover that it also regulates the fundamental process of cell migration," said D...dulin, which binds to a host of other proteins and regulates numerous cell functions, the fact that CIB1 and calmodulin are so similar could suggest that CIB1 ma...

Clean skies=faster global warming?

...ed oxygen levels, and a protein called HIF-1 alpha regulates this. Interestingly, the cells responsible for des...unomodulation." ### TITLE: HIF-1alpha expression regulates the bactericidal capacity of phagocytes View the PDF of this article at: https://www.the-jci.org/ar...

Stolen gene allows insect virus to enter cells

...rchers then looked for evidence that the fruit fly regulates the f gene, switching it on and off as needed. Indeed, they found that the f gene stays quiet until the third and final stage of a maggot's development, then begins to produce F proteins, which persist into adulthood. "f seems to be developmentally r...

Scientists closer to new cancer detection method

...let derived growth factor, or PDGF, a protein that regulates cell growth and division. Elevated PDGF levels have been linked to different forms of cancer, and have been found in patients with malignancies of the ovaries, kidneys, lung, pancreas and brain. After the probe physically conforms to the PDGF, the m...

Human cerebellum and cortex age in very different ways

...ensive changes with age than the cerebellum, which regulates basic processes such as heartbeat, breathing and balance. Their work, based on an analysis of gene expression in various areas of human and chimpanzee brains, also shows that the two species' brains age very differently, despite their close evolution...

Study provides insight into cellular defenses against genetic mutation

... NMD factor Upf1 is part of a related process that regulates the expression of many normal genes by controlling the timeframe in which their encoded mRNAs decay. Evolution often borrows a useful mechanism from one process and puts it to work in another." ...

Biotechnology's newest chemical tool

... genomic imprinting, and carcinogenesis because it regulates gene expression. Methyltransferases require a source for the methyl groups that they attach to DNA, and most often that source is a molecule called S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet), sometimes known as SAM or SAMe. Methyltransferases grab the methyl...

Zebrafish may hold key to improved cancer research

.... When it functions normally, B-myb appropriately regulates cell proliferation. When it becomes mutated, either through genetic predisposition or environmental influences, the formation of tumors can dramatically increase, scientists say. The gene appears to be particularly relevant to human leukemias. OSU's...

FSU biologists describe key role of signal-transcribing gene during cell cycle

...ental signals sent through the "Notch" gene, which regulates a layer of epithelial cells as they replicate and divide. But when Cut garbles those signals the result is uncontrolled cell proliferation, sometimes with dire genetic and health consequences. Results of the study are described in the Oct. 1 edition...

Scientists pinpoint inflammation gene

...s discovered that a specific gene on chromosome 15 regulates inflammation, a finding with implications for a wi... a variation in the gene's promoter region, which regulates SEPS1 expression as the most important factor among the individuals with the highest levels of infl...

Machinery of the 'marijuana munchies'

...ntegration of endocannabinoid and leptin signaling regulates the excitability of neurons on appetite-related circuits." They also wrote that "the cellular mechanisms of recently developed antiobesity drugs, such as rimonabant, may include decreased endocannabinoid signaling and hence decreased excitability of...

New study examines how sense of smell affects mating and aggression in mice

...mice process cues from the olfactory system--which regulates the sense of smell--should provide insight into the fundamental principles that mammalian brains use to transform sensory information into behavior," says lead investigator Nirao Shah, MD, PhD, UCSF assistant professor of anatomy. "There are strikin...

Membrane research opens window to benefits for plants, humans

... -- an aquaporin that opens and closes a gate that regulates water movement in and out of cells. Not only was the discovery the first for a plant-water channel, it was the first plant-membrane channel for which an atomic resolution structure has been determined. "By recovering an X-ray structure of a plant-me...

Researchers show key protein necessary for normal development of red blood cells

...esearchers demonstrated that a protein called KLF2 regulates the production of embryonic globin genes and the maturation and stability of embryonic red blood cells in a mouse model. Researchers observed that KLF2 is responsible for controlling and "turning on" the embryonic globin gene. "Understanding how gen...

Recreating 'Flowers for Algernon' with a happy ending

...g problems to a protein called Ras, a protein that regulates how brain cells talk to each other. This communication is what enables learning to take place. The NF1 mutation creates hyperactive Ras, which disrupts cellular conversation and undermines the learning process. "The act of learning creates physi...

Telling axons where to go - and grow

...in the growth cones of hippocampal neurons. LIMK1 regulates the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton primarily via phosphorylation of the actin depolymerization factors ADF/cofilin, with important consequences for cell morphology, cell motility, and the development of neuronal projections. Changes in LIMK1 con...

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