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Tag: "regulate" at biology news

Neural stem cell gene plays crucial role in eye development

...cription factors are proteins that bind to DNA and regulate the expression of other genes The investigators discovered that, in mice, disruption of the SOX2 gene in neural retinal stem cells leads to a kind of abnormal development of the eye called microphtalmia, or small eye. Approximately 10 percent of all...

Plants tell caterpillars when it's safe to forage

...nji Takabayashi show that plant signals can indeed regulate herbivore behavior. When the larvae of beet armyworms ( Spodoptera exigua ) feed on corn, the plant releases volatile compounds that act as a magnet for parasitic wasps ( Cotesia marginiventris ), which deposit their eggs in the larvae. Production o...

New study reveals signaling pathways required for expansion of pancreas stem cells

...of proteins called bHLH transcription factors that regulate gene expression. Ids (inhibition of differentiation factors) are a family of proteins implicated in a number of cellular processes, including cell proliferation. The major role of Id proteins is to bind to, and inhibit, the function of bHLH proteins,...

Researchers offer clues to how leaves patterns are formed

...ications, is that plants use the same mechanism to regulate vein formation in the leaf and branch formation on the main trunk and on the main root. The finding that the leaf is like a two-dimensional model of a tree may change the way plant scientists work, says Scarpella. "If each leaf can make more than 100...

When it comes to gene transcription, random pauses aren’t quite so random, study finds

...anscription is one of the most fundamental ways to regulate gene expression in general, and one way to control transcription is to control pausing. Cancer is an example of gene control gone amuck, so understanding the regulation of genes is critical to understanding cancer. Our results provide fresh insights ...

New roles for growth factors: Enticing nerve cells to muscles

...ltitasking members of the FGF growth factor family regulate blood vessel formation, wound repair, lung maturation, and development of skeletal muscle, blood and bone marrow cells. The Salk study adds on more job to an already long list. "Our study emphasizes that the nervous system does not necessarily rely ...

Basic work on E. coli identifies two new keys to regulation of bacterial gene expression

...e nutritional and environmental signals ultimately regulate the expression of those genes. "In this case, reg...one of the methods that arose through evolution to regulate gene expression." Ribosomal RNA makes up the bulk of ribosomes, the molecular machines that make pr...

Bedsores and bald hides: Novel roles revealed for a 'scaffolding' protein

...l function in which these filaments latch onto and regulate cell signaling proteins," says the study's senior author, Pierre A. Coulombe, Ph.D., professor of biological chemistry in the Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences at Hopkins. "The involvement of K17 in wound healing has not previously been known t...

Cells use mix-and-match approach to tailor regulation of genes

...o in pairs, trios, and combinations of up to 13 to regulate distinct sets of genes. The researchers, led by U...binations of 91 central transcription factors that regulate a large proportion of genes in the yeast genome. The team used rigorous statistical tests to discove...

Computational analysis shows that plant hormones often go it alone

...y on hormones, which act as chemical messengers to regulate every aspect of their biology. Growth, for example, is stimulated by multiple hormones -- brassinosteroids, auxins and gibberellins among them. The fact that these and several other hormones stimulate plant growth suggested to some investigators that...

UN review shows need to halt destructive fishing practice

...l of the Mediterranean (GFCM) ?have taken steps to regulate bottom trawling. In 2003, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, in collaboration with a partnership of leading environmental NGOs, brought scientists together at the Defying Ocean's End Conference in Los Cabos, Mexico, to develop an agenda for mai...

Ready, set, mutate?and may the best microbe win

... to make a key protein that the bacteria needed to regulate its metabolism at high temperatures. They grew the bacteria for one month in fermentor, raising the temperature a half degree Celsius each day. Over a span of 1,500 generations, the percentage of mutant strains inside the fermentor ebbed and flowed ...

Researchers uncover new mechanism of tumor suppressor

...rowth. These findings highlight a new mechanism to regulate gene expression programs that allow for appropriate responses to DNA damage in normal cells. When the process breaks down, such damage and other acute stresses are thought to lead to cancer. The first study, Molecular mechanism of histone H3K4me3 re...

A dichotomy in migration patterns found for sea turtles in east Atlantic

...dicate that appropriate measures will be needed to regulate fishing efforts to reduce by-catch in the different environments. The fact that the oceanic adults were found in a large area, including international waters and waters from Mauritania to Guinea Bissau, indicates that efforts toward regulation and po...

Possible birthplace of malignant brain tumors identified

...receptor is triggered by PDGF in the stem cells to regulate their production of mature brain cells. The researchers located the PDGFRá-containing cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain, which is the center for production of new brain cells in adults. The researchers also found that infusing PDG...

UC Davis researchers move biotechnology closer to replacing electronic pacemakers

...sodium and potassium ions in and out of cells that regulate the electrical impulses of the heart. "These channels are critical to normal heart function. We were able to make one protein that codes for a single channel that does the work normally required by several," Li explained. By getting heart muscle...

Rehydrate -- your RNA needs it

...f encoded genetic information, RNA is now known to regulate gene expression and other important cellular processes and to act as a sort of sensor---detecting cellular signals and carrying out appropriate reactions in response. In fact, there are many more so-called non-protein coding RNAs in the cell (around ...

First 'encyclopedia' of nuclear receptors reveals organisms' focus on sex, food

...at certain receptors form networks and interact to regulate disease states and physiology in two main areas, r..., is a new way to understand how nuclear receptors regulate physiology," said Dr. David Mangelsdorf, chairman of pharmacology and senior author of one study. "R...

A switch between life and death

...ke protein, but bantam is different. Its job is to regulate other RNAs by attaching itself to them; the result is that they block their expression into proteins. In this case, those proteins would go on to shut down cell division. With bantam around, the brake is off, and they continue to divide." Cohen and...

Newly identified protein complex sheds light on axon growth mechanism

...he authors show that the two proteins cooperate to regulate axon development. The authors also show that UNC-6...ontaining protein UNC-69 cooperates with UNC-76 to regulate axonal outgrowth and normal presynaptic organization in Caenorhabditis elegans Cheng-Wen Su, Suzanne...

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