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Tag: "regulate" at biology news

A simple feedback resistor switch keeps latent HIV from awakening

...k propose that some animal viruses, including HIV, regulate their potential for positive feedback and maintain latency by successively modifying and dissipating, or introducing a resistor into, the main activator of transcription. HIV's transcriptional activator, the Tat gene, is encoded in the HIV genome....

Complexity constrains evolution of human brain genes

... Previous reports have argued that the genes that regulate brain development and function evolved much more rapidly in humans than in nonhuman primates and other mammals because of natural selection processes unique to the human lineage. The comparative pace of organ-specific evolution, however, turns out...

How does a zebrafish grow a new tail?

...ment are found in humans, and drugs exist that can regulate this pathway, the findings are directly relevant to future testing of whether scientists can increase the capacity of humans to re-build damaged organs. ...

Jefferson researchers uncover new way nature turns genes on and off

...of the likely mechanisms behind ncRNAs' ability to regulate essential coding genes is through a "transcription...t to be expressed in the same cells as Ubx, and to regulate HOX gene coding sequence expression. But the researchers found something different: ncRNAs instead c...

When nerve cells can't make contact

...tism. Our investigations show that the neuroligins regulate the maturation of the synapses. They ensure that there are sufficient receptor proteins on the synaptic membrane of the receiving cell." What was initially a pure basic research project has consequently acquired direct relevance to medicine. "What ...

Protein shown to rally biological clock

... light on how mammals, in this case mice and rats. regulate circadian rhythm. Results were published in the Nov. 27- Dec. 1 online issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Neurons in the biological clock, an area called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), located at the base of the bra...

Key gene controlling eye lens development identified

...x6 gene by binding to some of the DNA regions that regulate Pax6 activity. "Our work confirms the early and vital role Six3 plays in the overall development of the eye, and gives us important insights into the interplay of genes during this time," said Wei Liu, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in Oliver's lab...

Inflammation markers identify fatigue in breast cancer survivors

.../receptor activation ?such as brain cells that may regulate fatigue sensation. IL6 is a biological chemical that helps drive initial immune responses within people. "IL-6 contributes to an activation of monocytes in the blood, and enables antigen presenting cells to activate T cells as part of the cellular ...

UCSD study reveals how plants respond to elevated carbon dioxide

...s toward understanding the mechanism plants use to regulate their carbon dioxide intake. The study, published in the May 1 early on-line edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, shows how the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere controls the opening and closing of leaf st...

Striking the right balance between excitation and inhibition

...protein known as Notch, which was already known to regulate maturation of neurons from neural stem cells, has a reciprocal function in precursors of inhibitory and excitatory neurons: cells with high levels of activated Notch became excitatory neurons, while cells with low levels of Notch became inhibitory. ...

Targeted virus compels cancer cells to eat themselves

...cluded that it is vital to identify molecules that regulate autophagy in cancer cells and to understand how autophagy is associated with cell death, a relatively new field in cancer research. The research group is following up the malignant glioma findings by studying ways to improve the efficiency of viral ...

How nature tinkers with the cellular clock

...mporal control at the gene level fails, cells also regulate the activity of cell cycle proteins directly, switching them on and off and modifying them at particular sites. A closer look at these proteins revealed that changes in the control of gene expression often go together with changes in the regulation o...

Scientists' cell discovery unearths evolutionary clues

...ful tool to identify core ancestral processes that regulate the most basic aspects of development." Professor Baldauf, of the Department of Biology at York, said: "We have investigated the evolution of plants and animals for a very long time but our whole eco-system depends on single cell organisms. If we ...

Adults who go to bed lonely get stress hormone boost next morning

...the types of positive social experiences that help regulate hormone levels, she said. Adam also is a faculty fellow at C2S: The Center on Social Disparities and Health. C2S is a new center within the Institute for Policy Research that is reaching across Northwestern's two campuses and a number of social, l...

ABCB6 is key to production of heme in hemoglobin

...and the levels of heme and porphyrin that helps to regulate the production of heme," Schuetz said. The team found that the increase in ABCB6 in mitochondrial membranes caused the cells to make more porphyrin, the building block of heme. "Any disruption of this relationship can cause serious problems in the ce...

Mobile DNA part of evolution's toolbox

...oteins, which suggests they instead are helping to regulate when genes are turned on and off. Furthermore, when Bejerano analyzed the locations of the copies, he found that they tended to be near genes that control the development of the brain. Haussler and his colleagues then looked at a particular exampl...

Leptin has powerful effect on reward center in the brain

...euron. "Finding that metabolic hormones directly regulate the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the mid-brain has profound implications for how researchers view the integration of metabolic signals in the brain," said the senior author, Ralph DiLeone, assistant professor of psychiatry. In this study the re...

A splice of the action: Translational role for WT1 isoform

...el, but also at the post-transcriptional level to regulate gene expression. The WT1 gene encodes two major alternatively spliced protein isoforms: WT1(+KTS) and WT1(-KTS). While WT1(-KTS) has an established role as a DNA-binding transcription factor, the function of WT1(+KTS) has been elusive. Dr. Hammarsk...

Clot-busting drug helps revive cardiac arrest patients

...hich often occurs when the electrical signals that regulate the heart become erratic or irregular because of a heart attack, coronary heart disease, a blood clot in the lungs, or other causes. The heart stops beating and the brain starts to suffer permanent damage within four to six minutes. Death quickly fol...

Learning the language of DNA

...oters - the DNA regions at the start of genes that regulate their activity. "We have identified the core promoters of the large majority of genes in the mouse and human genomes, expanding the number of known promoters by five- to ten-fold," Professor Hume said. The findings of the consortium have also upe...

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