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Tag: "regulate" at biology news

Prenatal Stress Keeps Infants, Toddlers up at Night, Study Says

...nal clock. This signaling system helps to properly regulate daily rhythms of waking, sleeping, even hunger that is, if its formation has not been disrupted. This could explain why sound sleep doesnt come easily to kids whose signaling systems may not be properly calibrated, OConnor said. However, more re...

Breakthrough developments in rheumatoid arthritis reported

...been shown by Dr. Gregersen and others to directly regulate the immune response to proteins containing citrull...particular variety of HLA, a complex of genes that regulate immune function, have a 30 times higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis than those without t...

Exploring the dark matter of the genome

...al studies of heterochromatin, and is now known to regulate essential functions such as those of the centromeres. The heterochromatin sequence of Drosophila will provide an essential foundation for identifying the proteins and components involved in epigenetic inheritance, as well as other mysteries surroundi...

Research finds that circadian rhythms dominate all life functions

... scientists have long known that circadian rhythms regulate the behavior of the living, the study shows that d...tial for understanding how genes interact with and regulate health and disease. Colorado State University researcher Andrey Ptitsyn's new analysis of data colle...

The mouflons of the Kerguelen archipelago

... co-workers sheds new light on mechanisms that can regulate this genetic diversity. ...

Common treatment for methamphetamine overdose may damage brain cells

...mages nerve cells in an area of the brain known to regulate movement, a new study shows. The findings, derived from experiments with rats, indicate that only the combination of the medication, haloperidol, and methamphetamine causes the destructive effects, not either one alone. Senior author Bryan Yamamoto,...

Salk scientists hammer out a pathway that promotes muscle cell survival in mice

...nction. In order to determine how CREB acts to regulate HDAC, Berdeaux and colleagues looked for phosphorylation sites in the HDAC protein. They discovered that one of many proteins turned on and off by the CREB switch, a little-known enzyme called salt-inducible kinase-1, or SIK1, specifically recognizes...

'Insulator' helps silence genes in dormant herpes virus

...ply passive barriers, insulators help organize and regulate gene activity by marking boundaries on chromatin, the condensed genetic material that forms chromosomes. By establishing chromatin boundaries, insulators can limit the range of action of other DNA elements that work to activate, or "turn on," the gen...

How to steer a moving cell

... families of small proteins secreted by cells that regulate the cells?directional movement, or chemotaxis. Ce...pplied a global approach to analyzing how proteins regulate cell movement." The research team’s profile of chemotactic cells is the first and most comprehens...

Genetic roots of bipolar disorder revealed by first genome-wide study of illness

...ng on new compounds that act on the DGKH enzyme or regulate how much of the enzyme is produced. The DGKH gene is on chromosome 13. Several other genes detected in the study produce proteins involved in this and other biochemical pathways thought to play a role in bipolar disorder. Understanding the effec...

Slowing the racing heart

...ed by insertion of a mechanical pacemaker that can regulate the heartbeat. "Understanding the molecular regulation of the heart's pacemaker opens the possibility of less drastic treatment options, including drug interventions," said Solaro, who is also director of the center for cardiovascular research an...

Newly identified mechanism for silencing genes points to possible anti-cancer strategies

...mall bits of RNA known as microRNAs, known to help regulate genes but not used for protein production, may be operating in a completely novel way to prevent genes from producing proteins. MicroRNAs have been implicated in a number of cancers, and the newly outlined gene-silencing mechanism offers promising po...

To sleep, perchance to dream: New insight into melatonin production

...d by the pineal gland in the brain, which helps to regulate our bodies' circadian rhythm (the roughly-24-hour cycle around which basic physiological processes proceed). Normally, melatonin production is inhibited by light and enhanced by darkness, usually peaking in the middle of the night. Melatonin's expre...

Revealing the machinery underlying the 'plastic' juvenile brain

...at the visual stimulation activated genes known to regulate the transcription of other genes. Transcription is..., and that this developmental downregulation could regulate the developmental reduction of plasticity occurring in the adult visual cortex," concluded Pizzoruss...

Leukemia drug turns mini-molecules up, cancer genes down

...ed on miRNA-15b and miRNA-16-1, which are known to regulate the activity of the Bcl-2 gene. They found that high levels of the two miRNAs were associated with low Bcl-2 activity. Next, they showed that the two miRNAs actually caused the drop in Bcl-2 activity. They did this by adding additional amounts of...

NIH researchers discover protein that appears to regulate bone mass loss, the cause of osteoporosis

...this unexpected connection. CD40 ligand appears to regulate cells that secrete chemicals that block bone metabolism, and the loss of this protein in people with X-linked Hyper IgM Syndrome appears to accelerate bone loss. The next step, say the researchers, is to determine whether experimental treatments desi...

Researchers learn what sparks plant growth

...tors for the hormones and the genetic factors that regulate production and uptake of the hormone in the differ...ter epidermis, which helps plants retain water and regulate the exchange of gases, clearly plays the role of environmental sentinel, communicating to plant tiss...

Scientists uncover link between ocean's chemical processes and microscopic floating plants

...sses that occur throughout the world's oceans help regulate Earth's climate. Other recent scientific studies have shown that ocean acidity is rising 100 times faster than ever before, Wingenter said, but this study links the effect of increasing ocean acidity to changes in phytoplankton, which themselves pr...

Lithium builds gray matter in bipolar brains, UCLA study shows

...ic regions of the brain," she said. "These regions regulate attention, motivation and emotion, which are profoundly affected in bipolar illness." While conventional MRI studies have measured brain volume in total, this new image analysis allows researchers to examine differences in cortical anatomy at a mu...

Bisexual fruit flies show new role for neurochemical

...m discovered proteins in fruit fly glia cells that regulate the amount of ambient glutamate in the brain. Called xCT transporter proteins, they pump glutamate out of glia cells. "When we mutate the protein, we get less ambient extracellular glutamate, more glutamate receptors, and so a stronger transfer of ...

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