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Tag: "reconstruct" at biology news

Reconstructing the biology of extinct species: A new approach

...pert in primate locomotion. "Now we have a way to reconstruct how extinct species moved that is completely independent of analysis of the limb structure. For the first time, we can test our previous conclusions using a new source of information." ...

Ancient retrovirus sheds light on modern pandemic

...atory, used DNA sequences from the chimp genome to reconstruct a small part of the PtERV1 virus. They reassembled about one-fifth of the virus by taking dozens of PtERV1 sequences and aligning them to create an "ancestral" sequence, teasing out areas of commonality between them. They then used this information...

Catching cancer's spread by watching hemoglobin

...g these images layer by layer, the researchers can reconstruct 3-D images of blood vessels. A major advantage of the technique is that it is "label-free," meaning it does not require the addition of fluorescing molecules but rather relies on the inherent light-absorbing properties of hemoglobin. While the t...

An ancient bathtub ring of mammoth fossils

...ewis. PNNL geologists are plotting the deposits to reconstruct the high-water marks of many of the floods, the last of which occurred as recently as 12,000 to 15,000 years ago. "Now is the perfect time to collect geologic and paleontologic data," said George Last, a senior research scientist at the Department...

DOE JGI sets 'gold standard' for metagenomic data analysis

...corresponding species populations. The goal is to reconstruct metabolic pathways by comparing with reference isolate genomes, so that we can model ecosystem dynamics using metabolic reconstructions of metagenomic data. "However, so far all the methods that have been developed were aimed toward analyzing data co...

Dinosaur hearing, listening to muscle noise, quieter cubicles

...onary pressures their ancestors faced, and even to reconstruct the hearing abilities of extinct animals such as dinosaurs and early mammals. According to the University of Maryland's Robert Dooling ( dooling@psyc.umd.edu ), the inner ears of archosaurs (birds, crocodilians, and extinct dinosaurs) have highly si...

Tundra disappearing at rapid rate

...ear of establishment and death of spruce trees and reconstruct changes in treeline vegetation. The study is published in the "Journal of Ecology." They found that a rapid change in response to climate warming during the early mid 20th century was observed at all locations. Treeline advanced considerably—as mu...

UCI scientists reconstruct migration of avian flu virus

...and geographic data of the H5N1 avian flu virus to reconstruct its history over the past decade. They found that multiple strains of the virus originated in the Chinese province of Guangdong, and they identified many of the migration routes through which the strains spread regionally and internationally. By kno...

Microfossils unravel climate history of tropical Africa

...The scientists developed an entirely new method to reconstruct the history of land temperatures based on the molecular fossils of soil bacteria. They applied the method to a marine sediment core taken in the outflow of the Congo River. This core contained eroded land material and microfossils from marine algae. ...

Scientists explore how complex organs develop from a simple bud

...gn of a computer program that is able to virtually reconstruct the complete process of organogenesis –from simple bud to complex organ. The reviews in this special issue of Differentiation are written by top scientists offering fresh ideas and pertinent background information to readers interested in anything fr...

History-hunting geneticists can still follow familiar trail

...graphic Project, a multimillion-dollar endeavor to reconstruct humanity's ancient migrations, and because of well-publicized efforts to track the ancestral roots of Oprah Winfrey and other personalities. Located within the hundreds of energy-producing mitochondria that lie outside the nucleus of our cells, mt...

Serengeti patrols cut poaching of buffalo, elephants, rhinos

... work marks the first time anyone has been able to reconstruct a history of poaching going back as far as 50 years, says Tom Hobbs, professor of ecology at Colorado State University and who is not affiliated with the work being published in Science. "The Hilborn team has shown that protection of wildlife by a...

Scientists' cell discovery unearths evolutionary clues

... "The availability of a family tree allows us to reconstruct the evolution of the signalling mechanisms that generate multicellularity. It also provides a powerful tool to identify core ancestral processes that regulate the most basic aspects of development." Professor Baldauf, of the Department of Biology...

K-Staters design and build a low-cost remote sensing tool for environmental studies

...e to climate scientists, who would then be able to reconstruct it to obtain high-resolution images and reliable data. The development of the sensing tool is part of a three-year research instrumentation project that began in fall 2005 with a $597,000 National Science Foundation grant. The researchers are Dale ...

Scientists reverse evolution

...ack together again," Tvrdik says. "We are first to reconstruct an ancient gene. ?We have proven that from two specialized modern genes, we can reconstruct the ancient gene they split off from. It illuminates the mechanisms and processes that evolution use...

UC Davis researchers move biotechnology closer to replacing electronic pacemakers

...d HCN channels, Li and his colleagues were able to reconstruct the SA node of the heart in pigs with implanted electronic pacemakers. The SA node is normally located on the right atrium, the upper right chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body. "We were even able to create new pacem...

Plastic surgeons countdown first full facial transplantation

...akes multiple grafts and surgeries to successfully reconstruct the entire face. Many patients are left with a patchy, unfavorable appearance, including large scars and mismatched skin. The studies found the only way to surgically match facial skin texture, pliability and color is through facial transplantation...

Evolution of 'irreducible complexity' explained

... in humans. "The stepwise process we were able to reconstruct is entirely consistent with Darwinian evolution," Thornton said. "So-called irreducible complexity was just a reflection of a limited ability to see how evolution works. By reaching back to the ancestral forms of genes, we were able to show just ho...

UF scientists trace origin of shark's electric sense

...eural crest cells is valuable for people trying to reconstruct vertebrate evolution. It gives us further indication of how all of the various sensory systems come on line." But the idea that the neural crest truly is the source of the electrosensory system will raise eyebrows, scientists say. "It's a very inte...

Earth Rx: A microbial biotechnology prescription for global environmental health

...great precision and detail. Other methods can now reconstruct entire genomes of what were once "unculturable" microbes. Rittmann refers to this early period as a "profitable stamp collecting" approach ?"absolutely vital in providing a cathedral foundation of knowledge; yet we now need to focus more on utilizi...

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