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Tag: "recognizes" at biology news

HIV exploits competition among T-cells

...ely followed by dramatic drop as the immune system recognizes the threat, mounts a defense and destroys most of the invading viruses. The second phase is a long period of clinical latency that can last up to 10 years. In this phase, a small amount of virus mutates fast enough to escape initial detection and con...

PNAS study reveals why organs fail following massive trauma

...hen one of those immune cells, called lymphocytes, recognizes a bacterium or virus presented by the innate system, that lymphocyte expands into army of clones specifically designed to attack the invader at hand. Unfortunately, lymphocytes too are capable of mistakenly destroying human cells. Thus, they have dev...

Researchers find docking sites for glucocorticoid receptor and Hsp90

...rmones. Scientists had been stymied with how Hsp90 recognizes and interacts with client proteins. Hsp90 activity is becoming a target for drug manufacturers, because cancer cells frequently overproduce this chaperone. Two drugs used commonly to fight cancer, geldanamycin and cisplatin, have been used with su...

Cardiologist's 'living chip' changes science of disease monitoring

...ations on the technology. "21st Century medicine recognizes that individual patients respond differently to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions," Rosero said. "The key to personalizing an individual's care is to improve the manner in which one can detect abnormalities in chemical signals or physiologic a...

Female pronghorns choose mate based on substance as well as show

... Refuge in northwestern Montana, for 20 years, and recognizes all individual pronghorn in the population. In recent research, Byers and his coauthor Lisette Waits, also of the University of Idaho, obtained genetic markers for all pronghorn individuals in the population and assigned paternity to the offspring....

Americans support free access to research

...d research is more important than ever. The public recognizes its stake in open sharing of research, and the Harris data gives voice to their stand." "The poll results show that research must be a collaborative, informed process between investigators and the public to be successful and increase trust," said Ro...

Bacteria have their own immune system protecting against outside DNA

...gle-cell organisms have a protein called H-NS that recognizes foreign DNA and prevents it from becoming active, the researchers discovered. But bacteria can also benefit from foreign DNA. When Salmonella is infecting an animal or person, for instance, many proteins the bacteria need to cause disease are encode...

AIDS vaccine research offers new insights on survival

...y, so that a group of T-cells induced by a vaccine recognizes the cells that have been infected by HIV and then destroys them so that the virus cannot continue replicating. "While this vaccine approach cannot actually prevent an infection, it can tamp down the AIDS virus, resulting in the development of a much...

Researchers show how brain decodes complex smells

...gsaw puzzle piece, assembling the signals until it recognizes the picture is a cookie? To find answers, the Duke researchers exposed mice to different odors and measured response of neurons across the olfactory bulb with intrinsic signal imaging. The imaging technique maps brain activity by detecting changes i...

Study reveals how cells destroy faulty proteins in cystic fibrosis

...ators identified cell components that specifically recognizes misshapen CFTR and drops it in the molecular trash bin. The team found that turning off these components ?the cell's trash collectors -- extends the life of faulty CFTR proteins and thereby enables some of it to assume a functional shape. The tra...

Researchers uncover new mechanism of tumor suppressor

...y which the inhibitor of growth 2 tumor suppressor recognizes chromatin and regulates cell growth, proliferation, stress responses and aging. We hope this discovery opens up new opportunities to establish novel targets to prevent and treat cancer," said Kutateladze, a NARSAD Young Investigator and an American C...

BGSU biologist trying to crack microscopic code

...ood model for resolving questions of how a protein recognizes and communicates with others with whom it's exchanging energy, he says. A similar system, called the Tol system, is important in maintaining the defensive barrier, although which proteins it delivers energy to as part of that process isn't known. F...

Everything in its place: Researchers identify brain cells used to categorize images

...x is a part of the brain circuitry that learns and recognizes the meaning of the things that we see. "It was pr...ions, less is known about how the brain learns and recognizes the meaning of stimuli. The process of grouping related visual images into categories allows the bra...

APS lecturer shows rare video of 'teacher-student' immune cell interactions in live animal

...s in a way the T cells can recognize. Each T cell recognizes only one antigen, but preserves that knowledge in its progeny. On average there are 6,000 T cells circulating in the human body that recognize a given antigen. Another 6,000 recognize a different antigen, etc. The human body is estimated to contain 2...

Stem cells can repair torn tendons or ligaments

...d by Prof. Gil Navon at Tel Aviv University, which recognizes differences among collagen-containing tissue such as tendon, bone, skin, and muscle. The authors note that BMP and Smad proteins are involved in other tissues such as nerve and liver, suggesting that this type of delivery technology may be helpful fo...

Gene thwarts some pathogens, gives access to others, could save crops

... and fuzzy, tries to invade a plant, the gene BIK1 recognizes the pathogen and sets off a defensive reaction. Botrytis is a type of pathogen that can infect and obtain nutrients from dead cells on a plant and actually secretes toxic substances into plant tissue in order to gain entry. Another type of pathogen, ...

Outsmarting the smartie bug

...ce" Two vaccines are available. The first, PCV, recognizes seven forms of the capsule and protects against 82...o UK children under the age of two. A second, PPV, recognizes 23 capsule types and protects against 96% of the UK's strains but is not effective in infants and is...

Advanced genomics and proteomics improve the diagnosis and treatment of a deadly lung disease

...ell. In the case of Dicer, it shows how the enzyme recognizes RNA and snips it into precise increments. "The fact that it makes these specific sized RNAs is important to the process," Doudna said. The small RNA fragments created by Dicer are then assimilated into large multiprotein complexes and guide those mo...

Molecule does more than slice and dice RNA

...ell. In the case of Dicer, it shows how the enzyme recognizes RNA and snips it into precise increments. "The fact that it makes these specific sized RNAs is important to the process," Doudna said. The small RNA fragments created by Dicer are then assimilated into large multiprotein complexes and guide those mo...

Common enzyme is a key player in DNA repair

... at the damaged G, the DinB translesion polymerase recognizes the G and adds its chemical partner, C, to form the correct base pair in the new chromosome. "It was a pretty striking result," Walker said. "Not only did DinB copy over the damaged G nucleotide, it was 10 to 15 times better at copying the damaged G...

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